3MRA模型在环境风险评价中的应用发展及前景分析
Application and Development of 3MRA Model and Its Application Prospect Analysis in Environmental Risk Assessment
DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2014.43013, PDF, HTML, 下载: 3,044  浏览: 12,162  国家科技经费支持
作者: 吴晓霞, 李路远：华北电力大学，保定;中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京；陈扬, 刘俐媛, 张智勇：中国科学院高能物理研究所，北京；尹连庆：华北电力大学，保定
关键词: 3MRA；环境风险；数学模型；环境决策；3MRA； Environmental Risk； Mathematic Model； Environmental Decision-Making
摘要: 3MRA(the Multimedia, Multi–pathway, Multi-receptor Exposure and Risk Assessment)是第一代模型，是一种在不确定条件下，针对全国性多介质、多途径和多受体进行风险评估的体系，用于评估废物处置区域内对生态、人类构成风险的污染物的浓度阈值。本文中，通过对3MRA模型及其在国内外发展应用现状的综述，认为模型具有良好的应用发展前景，并从4个方面提出借鉴使用模型的建议方法，为我国废物管理提供决策依据。
Abstract: A first-generation model—the Multimedia, Multi-pathway, Multi-receptor Exposure and Risk Assessment (3MRA) is a flexible framework for conducting nationwide multimedia, multi-pathway and multi-receptor risk assessments under uncertainty, which is developed to estimate protective chemical concentration limits in a source area. In this paper, according to the summary of the 3MRA model and its development and application at home and abroad, it is affirmed that 3MRA model has a good prospect of application. Finally, the methods of referencing and using model are proposed from four aspects, providing decision-making basis for waste management in our country.
文章引用：吴晓霞, 陈扬, 尹连庆, 刘俐媛, 李路远, 张智勇. 3MRA模型在环境风险评价中的应用发展及前景分析 [J]. 环境保护前沿, 2014, 4(3): 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2014.43013

参考文献

[1] 胡二邦 (2009) 环境风险评价实用技术, 方法和案例. 中国环境科学出版社, 北京.
[2] 董玉瑛, 雷炳莉 (2005) 综合多介质模型的发展概述.化学世界, 9, 566-570.
[3] Mackay, D. (2001) Multimedia environmental models: The fugacity approach. 2nd Edition, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton.
[4] 刘信安, 吴昊, Jia, C.Q. (2004) 湖泊和水库中甲基汞行为的多介质模型研究. 环境科学与技术, 6, 9-11.
[5] 陈华, 刘志全, 李广贺 (2006) 污染场地土壤风险基准值构建与评价方法研究. 水文地质工程地质, 2, 84-88.
[6] 张应华, 刘志全, 李广贺, 张旭 (2008) 土壤苯污染引起的饮用地下水健康风险评. 土壤学报, 1, 82-89.
[7] 张钊, 黄瑾辉, 曾光明, 袁兴中 (2010) 3MRA风险模型在铬渣整治项目制定过程中的应用. 中国环境科学, 1, 139-144.
[8] 黄瑾辉, 李飞, 曾光明, 袁兴中, 梁婕, 张钊, 唐晓娇 (2012) 污染场地健康风险评价中多介质模型的优选研究. 中国环境科学, 3, 556-563.
[9] USEPA (2009) Goal 3: Land preservation and restoration, the 2006-2011 EPA strategic plan.
http://www.epa.gov/homelandsecurityportal/strategicplan.htm#goal3
[10] 张钊 (2009) 3MRA风险评价模型在废物管理决策中的研究应用. 硕士论文, 湖南大学, 长沙.
[11] Saleem, Z.A., Marin, C.M. and Guvanasen, V. (1999) An overview of the multimedia, multipathway, and multireceptor risk assessment technology development. Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Atlanta, 5-8 December 1999.
[12] US EPA (2003) Multimedia, multipathway, and multireceptor risk assessment (3MRA) modeling system volume I: Modeling system and science. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/hwirwste/risk03.htm
[13] Marin, C.M., Guvanasen, V. and Saleem, Z.A. (2003) The 3MRA risk assessment framework—A flexible approach for performing multimedia, multipathway, and multireceptor risk assessments under uncertainty. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9, 1655-1677.
[14] Furtaw, E.J. (2001) An overview of human exposure modeling activities at the USEPA’s national exposure research laboratory. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 17, 302-314.
[15] Weinberg, N., Henning, M., Kladias, M. and Killingstad, M. (2003) Technical critique of the multimedia, multipathway, multireceptor risk assessment model. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9, 1679-1700.
[16] Babendreier, J.E. and Castleton, K.J. (2005) Investigating uncertainty and sensitivity in integrated, multimedia environmental models: Tools for FRAMES-3MRA. Environmental Modelling & Software, 20, 1043-1055.
[17] US EPA (2005) EPA’s evaluation of environmental fate, transport and ecological exposure module (TRIM.FaTE), volume II: Model performance focusing on mercury test case.
http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-01/documents/eval_rept_vol2_2005.pdf
[18] Kroner, S.M. (1999) Risk characterization report for the HWIR99 multimedia, multipathway, and multireceptor risk assessment (3MRA). US Environment Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste, Washington DC.
[19] McFarland, M.J., Kumarsamy, K., Brobst, R.B., Hais, A. and Schmitz, M. (2010) Protecting groundwater quality at biosolids land application sites using EPA’s multimedia, multi-pathway, multi-receptor exposure and risk assessment (3MRA) technology. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 4, 783-796.
[20] McFarland, M.J., Kumarsamy, K., Brobst, R.B., Hais, A. and Schmitz, M.D. (2011) Characterizing human health risks associated with biosolids land application practices. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 4, 187-196.
[21] McFarland, M.J., Kumarsamy, K., Brobst, R.B., Hais, A. and Schmitz, M.D. (2012) Groundwater quality protection at biosolids land application sites. Water Research, 46, 5963-5969.
[22] US EPA (2003) Multimedia, multi-pathway, and multi-receptor risk assessment (3MRA) modeling system volume V: Technology design and user’s guide. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/hwirwste/risk03.htm
[23] US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Science Advisory Board (SAB) (2005) Review of the multimedia, multi-pathway, and multi-receptor risk assessment (3MRA) modeling system.
[24] Bergeson, L. (2000) The HWIR99 saga continues. Pollution Engineering, 32, 39-40.
[25] US EPA (2000) Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HIWR): Identification and listing of hazardous of hazardous wastes. Notice of data availability and request for comments. Federal Register, 65, 44491-44506.
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastetypes/wasteid/hwirwste/pdf/wh2a-fr.pdf
[26] US EPA (1993) Technical support document for the land application of sewage sludge volume II (revised). United States Envi-ronmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
[27] 刘茂昌 (2009) 小量危险废物填埋处置的环境风险研究. 硕士论文, 西南大学, 重庆.
[28] 马春燕 (2010) 基于风险评价方法染料涂料废物的分级管理. 硕士论文, 西北农林科技大学, 咸阳.
[29] 杨昱, 姜永海, 席北斗, 何小松, 安达, 张进保 (2010) 生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险分级方法研究. 生态环境学报, 7, 1704-1709.
[30] 袁英, 席北斗, 何小松, 魏自民, 李鸣晓, 姜永海, 安达 (2012) 基于3MRA模型的填埋场安全填埋废物污染物阈值评估方法与应用研究. 环境科学, 4, 1383-1388.
[31] Li, Y., Li, J., Chen, S. and Diao, W. (2012) Establishing indices for groundwater contamination risk assessment in the vicinity of hazardous waste landfills in China. Environmental Pollution, 165, 77-90.