音乐情绪及其神经基础
Musical Emotion and Its Neural Basis
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2014.46098, PDF, HTML, 下载: 3,644  浏览: 15,924 
作者: 王 璐, 陈 旭, 马建苓：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 音乐情绪；伏隔核；杏仁核；眶额叶；多巴胺；Musical emotions； Accumbens Nucleus； Amygdala； Orbitofrontal Cortex； Dopamine
摘要: 音乐情绪是指音乐诱发的情绪，是音乐价值的集中体现。与日常情绪刺激不同，音乐往往诱发了个体的快乐体验。脑成像的研究表明音乐情绪调节了几乎所有的大脑边缘及旁边缘结构的活动，负责自主神经系统唤醒的下丘脑、脑岛和前扣带回皮层、形成记忆的海马区以及涉及复杂认知活动的前额叶皮层，尤其是眶额叶皮层、伏隔核和杏仁核。此外，包括多巴胺在内的多种神经递质也参与了音乐情绪的加工。这些脑区和神经化学物质与奖赏系统高度重合，为音乐诱发快乐体验提供了神经基础。未来的研究可在实验材料的标准化，影响因素如人格、文化的控制和神经网络交互作用等方面进一步探索。
Abstract: Musical emotion, refers to music-evoked emotion, and reflects the value of music. Different from daily emotional stimuli, music often induces individual experience of happiness. Functional neuroimaging studies show that musical emotion can modulate activity in virtually all limbic and paralimbic brain structures, hypothalamus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, especially orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and amygdale. Moreover, varieties of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, are involved in the processing of musical emotion. Those regions and neurochemicals are highly overlapped with reward system, which may explain why music induces pleasure. Researches in future can focus on standardization of music materials, and effect factors such as personality, control of culture, and neural interactions between subcortical and cortical regions.
文章引用：王璐, 陈旭, 马建苓 (2014). 音乐情绪及其神经基础. 心理学进展, 4(6), 738-747. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2014.46098

参考文献

[1] 李冬冬, 程真波, 戴瑞娜, 汪芬, 黄宇霞(2012). 情绪音乐库的初步编制与评定. 中国心理卫生杂志, 7期, 552-556.
[2] Ball, T., Rahm, B., Eickhoff, S. B., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Speck, O., & Mutschler, I. (2007). Response properties of human amygdala subregions: evidence based on functional MRI combined with probabilistic anatomical maps. PLoS ONE, 2, e307.
[3] Barrett, F. S., Grimm, K. J., Robins, R. W., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Janata, P. (2010). Music-evoked nostalgia: Affect, memory, and personality. Emotion, 10, 390.
[4] Baxter, M. G., & Murray, E. A. (2002). The amygdala and reward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 563-573.
[5] Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (2005). The Iowa Gambling Task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 159-162.
[6] Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2008). Affective neuroscience of pleasure: Reward in humans and animals. Psychopharmacology, 199, 457-480.
[7] Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2011). Building a neuroscience of pleasure and well-being. Psychology of Well-Being, 1, 1-26.
[8] Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2013). Neuroscience of affect: brain mechanisms of pleasure and displeasure. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23, 294-303.
[9] Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 11818-11823.
[10] Blood, A. J., Zatorre, R. J., Bermudez, P., & Evans, A. C. (1999). Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 382-387.
[11] Blum, K., Chen, T. J., Chen, A. L., Madigan, M., Downs, B. W., Waite, R. L., & Giordano, J. (2010). Do dopaminergic gene polymorphisms affect mesolimbic reward activation of music listening response? Therapeutic impact on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Medical Hypotheses, 74, 513-520.
[12] Bonvin, C., Horvath, J., Christe, B., Landis, T., & Burkhard, P. R. (2007). Compulsive singing: Another aspect of punding in Parkinson’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 62, 525-528.
[13] Brown, S., Martinez, M. J., & Parsons, L. M. (2004). Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems. Neuroreport, 15, 2033-2037.
[14] Bzdok, D., Laird, A. R., Zilles, K., Fox, P. T., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2013). An investigation of the structural, connectional and functional subspecialization in the human amygdala. Human Brain Mapping, 34, 3247-3266.
[15] Cepeda, M. S., Carr, D. B., Lau, J., & Alvarez, H. (2006). Music for pain relief. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, Art. No. CD004843.
[16] Chib, V. S., Rangel, A., Shimojo, S., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2009). Evidence for a common representation of decision values for dissimilar goods in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 12315-12320.
[17] Cross, I. (2012). Cognitive science and the cultural nature of music. Topics in Cognitive Science, 4, 668-677.
[18] Davidson, R. J. (2004). Well-being and affective style: Neural substrates and biobehavioural correlates. Philosophical Transactions-Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 359, 1395-1412.
[19] Everitt, B. J., Cardinal, R. N., Parkinson, J. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2003). Appetitive behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985, 233-250.
[20] Evers, S., & Suhr, B. (2000). Changes of the neurotransmitter serotonin but not of hormones during short time music perception. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 250, 144-147.
[21] Flores-Gutiérrez, E. O., Díaz, J.-L., Barrios, F. A., Favila-Humara, R., Guevara, M. Á., del Río-Portilla, Y., & Corsi-Cabrera, M. (2007). Metabolic and electric brain patterns during pleasant and unpleasant emotions induced by music masterpieces. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65, 69-84.
[22] Fritz, T., & Koelsch, S. (2005). Initial response to pleasant and unpleasant music: An fMRI study. Proceedings of the Poster Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (HBM), Toronto, 13-16 June 2005.
[23] Fritz, T., Jentschke, S., Gosselin, N., Sammler, D., Peretz, I., Turner, R., & Koelsch, S. (2009). Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music. Current Biology, 19, 573-576.
[24] Gabrielsson, A. (2002). Emotion perceived and emotion felt: Same or different? Musicae Scientiae, 10, 191-213.
[25] Gabrielsson, A., & Lindström, E. (2010). The role of structure in the musical expression of emotions. In P. N. Juslin (Ed.), Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications (pp. 367-400). New York: Oxford University Press.
[26] Goldstein, A. (1980). Thrills in response to music and other stimuli. Physiological Psychology, 8, 126-129.
[27] Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2009). The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 4-26.
[28] Hajcak, G., MacNamara, A., & Olvet, D. M. (2010). Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35, 129-155.
[29] Hosseini, S., Bagheri, M., & Honarparvaran, N. (2013). Investigating the effect of music on labor pain and progress in the active stage of first labor. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17, 1479-1487.
[30] Huron, D. (2011). Why is sad music pleasurable? A possible role for prolactin. Musicae Scientiae, 15, 146-158.
[31] Istók, E., Brattico, E., Jacobsen, T., Ritter, A., & Tervaniemi, M. (2013). “I love Rock ‘n’ Roll”—Music genre preference modulates brain responses to music. Biological Psychology, 92, 142-151.
[32] Juslin, P. N., & Vastfjall, D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 559-575.
[33] Juslin, P. N., Liljeström, S., Laukka, P., Västfjäll, D., & Lundqvist, L. O. (2011). Emotional reactions to music in a nationally representative sample of Swedish adults prevalence and causal influences. Musicae Scientiae, 15, 174-207.
[34] Kallinen, K., & Ravaja, N. (2006). Emotion perceived and emotion felt: Same and different. Musicae Scientiae, 10, 191-213.
[35] Koelsch, S. (2010). Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 131-137.
[36] Koelsch, S. (2014). Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15, 170-180.
[37] Koelsch, S., & Skouras, S. (2013). Functional centrality of amygdala, striatum and hypothalamus in a “Small-world” network underlying joy: An fMRI study with music. Human Brain Mapping, 35, 3485-3498.
[38] Koelsch, S., Fritz, T., Müller, K., & Friederici, A. D. (2005). Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 27, 239-250.
[39] Koelsch, S., Fritz, T., Müller, K., & Friederici, A. D. (2006). Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 27, 239-250.
[40] Koelsch, S., Skouras, S., Fritz, T., Herrera, P., Bonhage, C., Küssner, M., & Jacobs, A. (2013). The roles of superficial amygdala and auditory cortex in music-evoked fear and joy. Journal Title NeuroImage, 81, 49-60.
[41] Konečni, V. J. (2008). Does music induce emotion? A theoretical and methodological analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 2, 115-129.
[42] Konečni, V. J., Brown, A., & Wanic, R. A. (2008). Comparative effects of music and recalled life-events on emotional state. Psychology of Music, 36, 289-308.
[43] Kringelbach, M. L. (2005). The human orbitofrontal cortex: Linking reward to hedonic experience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 691-702.
[44] Kringelbach, M. L., & Berridge, K. C. (2009). Towards a functional neuroanatomy of pleasure and happiness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 479-487.
[45] Lundqvist, L. O., Carlsson, F., Hilmersson, P., & Juslin, P. N. (2009). Emotional responses to music: Experience, expression, and physiology. Psychology of Music, 37, 61-90.
[46] Mantione, M., Figee, M., & Denys, D. (2014). A case of musical preference for Johnny Cash following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 152.
[47] Mavridis, I. N. (2013). Stereotactic neurosurgical anatomy of the nucleus accumbens: Four-year outcomes. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 35, 637-638.
[48] Mavridis, I. N. (2014). Music and the nucleus accumbens. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 1-5.
[49] Menon, V., & Levitin, D. J. (2005). The rewards of music listening: Response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. NeuroImage, 28, 175-184.
[50] Mitterschiffthaler, M. T., Fu, C. H., Dalton, J. A., Andrew, C. M., & Williams, S. C. (2007). A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 1150-1162.
[51] Mori, K., & Iwanaga, M. (2013). Pleasure generated by sadness: Effect of sad lyrics on the emotions induced by happy music. Psychology of Music, 42, 643-652.
[52] Nusbaum, E. C., & Silvia, P. J. (2010). Shivers and timbres: Personality and the experience of chills from music. Social Psychological and Personality Science, Published Online.
[53] O’Doherty, J. P. (2004). Reward representations and reward-related learning in the human brain: Insights from neuroimaging. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 769-776.
[54] Overy, K., & Molnar-Szakacs, I. (2009). Being together in time: Musical experience and the mirror neuron system. Music Perception, 26, 489-504.
[55] Peciña, S., & Smith, K. S. (2010). Hedonic and motivational roles of opioids in food reward: Implications for overeating disorders. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 97, 34-46.
[56] Peretz, I., & Coltheart, M. (2003). Modularity of music processing. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 688-691.
[57] Perlovsky, L. (2010). Musical emotions, cognitive science and art of music. Physics of Life Reviews, 7, 49-54.
[58] Pessiglione, M., Seymour, B., Flandin, G., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans. Nature, 442, 1042-1045.
[59] Salimpoor, V. N., & Zatorre, R. J. (2013). Neural interactions that give rise to musical pleasure. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 7, 62-75.
[60] Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A., & Zatorre, R. J. (2011). Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 257-262.
[61] Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Longo, G., Cooperstock, J. R., & Zatorre, R. J. (2009). The rewarding aspects of music listening are related to degree of emotional arousal. PLoS ONE, 4, e7487.
[62] Salimpoor, V. N., van den Bosch, I., Kovacevic, N., McIntosh, A. R., Dagher, A., & Zatorre, R. J. (2013). Interactions between the nucleus accumbens and auditory cortices predict music reward value. Science, 340, 216-219.
[63] Sescousse, G., Caldú, X., Segura, B., & Dreher, J.-C. (2013). Processing of primary and secondary rewards: A quantitative meta-analysis and review of human functional neuroimaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37, 681- 696.
[64] Trost, W., Ethofer, T., Zentner, M., & Vuilleumier, P. (2012). Mapping aesthetic musical emotions in the brain. Cerebral Cortex, 22, 2769-2783.
[65] Zatorre, R. J., & Salimpoor, V. N. (2013). From perception to pleasure: Music and its neural substrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 10430-10437.
[66] Zentner, M., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion, 8, 494-521.