回首过去和展望未来：时间的不对称性研究概述
Looking Back or Looking Forward: Review on the Research of Temporal Asymmetry
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2014.47119, PDF, HTML, 下载: 2,664  浏览: 7,875 
作者: 郭逸群, 徐绍飞, 蔡 飞：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 过去；将来；时间；不对称性；Past； Future； Time； Asymmetry
摘要: 过去和将来的不对称性是现实生活中一个极其普遍的现象。本文首先介绍了时间的不对称性在两个方面(价值判断、道德评价)的研究，然后对可能影响时间不对称性的心理因素进行了阐述。最后，对时间不对称性的研究进展进行了分析和总结，并提出了该领域将来可能的研究方向，这对于进一步深化时间不对称性的研究具有重要的参考价值。
Abstract: Past-future asymmetry is a very common phenomenon in real life. This article introduced re-searches on two aspects (Value judgments, Moral evaluation) of time asymmetry, followed by ex-pounding the psychological factors that may affect it. Lastly, analysis and summary of research progress on time asymmetry were provided, and directions for future research are suggested. This ought to be a valuable reference for further research of this field.
文章引用：郭逸群, 徐绍飞, 蔡飞 (2014). 回首过去和展望未来：时间的不对称性研究概述. 心理学进展, 4(7), 923-928. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2014.47119

参考文献

[1] Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: Common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1363-1377.
[2] Bar-Anan, Y., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2009). The feeling of uncertainty intensifies affective reactions. Emotion, 9, 123-127.
[3] Burns, Z. C., Caruso, E. M., & Bartels, D. M. (2012). Predicting premeditation: Future behavior is seen as more intentional than past behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141, 227-232.
[4] Caruso, E. M. (2010). When the future feels worse than the past: A temporal inconsistency in moral judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139, 610-624.
[5] Caruso, E. M., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2008). A wrinkle in time: Asymmetric valuation of past and future events. Psychological Science, 19, 796-801.
[6] Epstude, K., & Roese, N. J. (2008). The functional theory of counterfactual thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 168-192.
[7] Ferrante, D., Girotto, V., Straga, M., & Walsh, C. (2013). Improving the past and the future: A temporal asymmetry in hypothetical thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 23-27.
[8] Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
[9] Guo, T., Ji, L. J., Spina, R., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Culture, temporal focus, and values of the past and the future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 1030-1040.
[10] Johnson, M. K., & Sherman, S. J. (1990). Constructing and reconstructing the past and the future in the present. Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, 2, 482-526.
[11] Kane, J., McGraw, A. P., & Van Boven, L. (2008). Temporally asymmetric constraints on mental simulation: Retrospection is more constrained than prospection. In The Handbook of Imagination and Mental Simulation (pp. 131-149).
[12] Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311-328.
[13] Okuda, J., Fujii, T., Ohtake, H., Tsukiura, T., Tanji, K., Suzuki, K., Yamadori, A. et al. (2003). Thinking of the future and past: The roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes. NeuroImage, 19, 1369-1380.
[14] Pennington, G. L., & Roese, N. J. (2003). Regulatory focus and temporal distance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 563-576.
[15] Suhler, C., & Callender, C. (2012). Thank goodness that argument is over: Explaining the temporal value asymmetry. Philosophers’ Imprint, 12, 1-16.
[16] Van Boven, L., & Ashworth, L. (2007). Looking forward, looking back: Anticipation is more evocative than retrospection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 289-300.