中班幼儿社会交往能力的社会网络分析

Social Communication Ability of Children in a Middle Class of a Kindergarten: A Social Network Analysis

摘要: 幼儿人际交往能力的高低对幼儿的未来发展、适应社会具有十分重要的作用。培养幼儿的人际交往能力对于广大的幼儿教师来说是不可推卸的责任。本研究采用社会网络分析方法对雅安市天全县某幼儿园一中班幼儿的人际交往关系进行了分析，结果表明：1)从网络中心度来看，幼儿关系网络中心度的三个指标(点度中心度、中介中心度和接近中心度)与教师的性格主观评价基本相关，但是不同的指标之间也不完全一致，它们从不同方面反映了幼儿的交往能力情况；2)从威望特征来看，三个反映威望的指标(入度、入域和近距威望)也不完全一致，同样，这些差异也反映出幼儿交往情况的不同方面；3)从凝聚子群特征来看，该班级的交往网络中小团体特征不明显。总之，本研究采用社会网络分析方法对幼儿的社会交往能力进行研究，利用量化的数据指标，有助于比较客观的、多方面的衡量个体幼儿的交往情况，我们可以根据分析所得结果，采取相应的教育策略，有针对性的培养幼儿的人际交往能力。

Abstract: Children’s interpersonal skills play a very important role in their future development and social adaptation. Cultivating children’s interpersonal skills is the unshirkable responsibility for the preschool teachers. This study adopted the methods of social network analysis to analyze the in-terpersonal relationship in a middle class of a kindergarten in Tianquan county of Ya’an city. The results showed that: 1) from the perspective of centrality, three indicators (indegree, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality) were correlated with the subjective evaluation of the children’s interpersonal skills by the teacher. However, because the different indicators reflect the different aspects of children’s communication ability, they are not entirely consistent; 2) in view of the prestige, the three indexes (popularity, input domian and proximity prestige) are also not entirely consistent. And likewise, the differences also reflect different aspects of interactions between the children; 3) from the point of cohesive subgroups, the characteristic of small subgroup is not obvious. In conclusion, this study adopted the methods of social network analysis to investigate the social intercourse ability of the children, resulting in some quantitative metrics which might be used to let us take corresponding educational strategy and cultivate children’s interpersonal communication ability.