英法土地所有制变迁比较研究—封建社会向资本主义社会的过渡

Comparative Study of English-French Land Tenure Systems—From the Feudal Age to the Capitalistic Period

摘要: 中世纪的英国和法国都以封建领主制下的庄园经济为主要经济形态，土地所有制表现为土地等级所有，然而在早期资本主义因素出现以后，两国的土地所有制却向不同的方向转变。英国资本主义革命以后，土地制度逐渐演化成资本主义大土地所有制，而法国则形成了以小农土地所有制为主、多种土地所有制形式并存的状况。两个相同国家在土地制度的演变方面出现同源异流的原因是多方面的，其中经济发展水平、政治传统、法律制度发展、文化宗教等因素起到至关重要的作用。英法两国长达几百年的土地制度变迁过程将给我国土地政策的制定提供一定借鉴。

Abstract: In the middle age, manorial system existed in both England and France, and it was the main land system in the two countries. When the early Capitalism factors appeared, the land ownership of the two countries changed in different ways into two different systems. After the Bourgeois Revolution in England, the agricultural capitalists became the owners of most lands in the country, and there were few farmers. In France, however, the land system went to a different way after the Great Revolution. Most farmers had their small lands and their children could inherit them. The economy, politics and culture were the main factors that affected the development of the two countries’ land ownership systems. The process of hundreds of years of land system change in England and France can provide certain reference to the formulation of Chinese land policy.