基于莱文森三层次意义理论的汉语双重否定范畴划分

The Classification of Double Negation Categories in Chinese Based on Levinson’s Three Levels of Meaning

摘要: 学者们对现代汉语双重否定的涵义及界定众说纷纭，莫衷一是。因而，有必要从新的视角――逻辑描写的角度，对此进行重新认识和进一步完善。现代汉语双重否定的逻辑特征为：语言结构中存在“¬(¬p)”或“¬¬p”，不表达否定意义。在将语用因素及惯用表达纳入到双重否定范畴中的基础上，以莱文森三层次意义理论为纲，从语义及语用两个层面上划分双重否定，分出语用双重否定的两个次范畴(类型型及实例型语用双重否定)，并同时进一步划分出语义及语用双重否定的次范畴及次次范畴，对双重否定的研究从静态描写逐渐转向动态分析。

Abstract: With scholars’ dispute about the definition and classification of double negation in modern Chinese, it is necessary to understand and improve them from the new angle—the angle of logical de-scription. Double Negation in modern Chinese has the characteristic that there is the logic form of “¬(¬p)” or “¬¬p” in the construction, and it doesn’t carry negative meaning. Based on Levinson's Three Levels of Meaning, with pragmatic factors and idiomatic patterns included in the categori-zation. Double negation in Chinese is classified and analyzed from the semantic and pragmatic levels, with two subcategories (type and token pragmatic double negation) in pragmatic double negation. Meanwhile, subcategories of semantic and pragmatic double negation are further classi-fied, thus changing the research focus from static to dynamic analysis.