黄山风景区旅游气候资源浅析

Evaluation of Tourism Climatic Resource in Huangshan Scenic Area

摘要: 本文利用黄山光明顶气象站1956~2013年观测资料以及2006~2013年空气污染指数(API)，分析黄山风景区主要气候。其特点为：气温适宜、夏季凉爽，降水丰沛、气候湿润，风速偏大、风向多变。黄山旅游气候资源丰富，有云海、雨凇、雾凇、雪景等气象景观，在国内外山岳型景区中具有得天独厚的优势。景区年气候舒适日数达153.5 d，主要为3月下旬至11月上旬，从游客身体感受角度来说，适宜旅游的季节长。景区生态环境得天独厚，空气质量达优率近100%。春夏秋为黄山的旅游旺季，冬季虽气温较低，但因晴好天气多，游客出行方便，且易看见日出，此外也可饱览雨凇、雾凇、云雾、雪景等冬季独有的气象景观，因此应加大冬季旅游推介。未来黄山应深度开发和利用气候旅游资源，重点推介特色景观，优化季节性旅游产品结构，实现黄山风景区旅游业的可持续发展。

Abstract: The climatic resources of tourism are analyzed by the meteorological data of Guangmingding station during 1956-2013 and the air pollution indexes (API) during 2006-2013 in Huangshan scenic area. The results show that the annual average temperature is suitable for tourism, and summer is cool; the precipitation is plentiful, and distribution of rain days is uniform; the wind speed is high and the wind direction is varied. The days of glaze, rime, cloud-sea and fog in wind half-year are comparatively more than in the summer half-year. Relatively suitable for tourism comfortable period begins in late-March, ends in early-November, and the appropriate tourism season is long. The air quality is good and has the unique advantages of ecotourism in Huangshan scenic area. With various climate patterns, diversified meteorological sceneries and a long tourist season, Hunagshan Scenic Area enjoys high climatic suitability for sightseeing tourism. According to different seasons, special tourism should be carried out. In order to promote the sustainable development of tourism activities in Hunagshan scenic area, it is necessary to fully exploit by careful planning and develop the off-season tourism products, to alter the traditional tourism destination image, to optimize tourism product structure, and to improve the defensive capabilities for severe weather.