摘要:
干旱、低温是影响我国苹果生产的主要逆境因素，苹果矮化砧木直接影响着树体的生长发育、产量及果实品质的形成。苹果矮砧集约栽培已经成为世界栽培的发展方向，也是我国苹果产业的发展趋势。本文对苹果砧木抗旱、寒研究方法、试验材、相关指标测定和抗旱、寒性综合评价等方面进行了系统总结，并结合模式植物的抗性机理研究，对苹果矮化砧木抗旱、寒生理及分子机理研究进行了综述，为苹果矮化砧木的抗旱、寒筛选、评价和利用及新的矮化砧木培育提供理论依据和参考。
Drought and low temperature are two important environmental stress factors in apple production in China, while dwarfing rootstocks show significantly impact on growth, yield and fruit quality formation of apple trees. Nowadays, high-efficiency intensive cultivation by using dwarfing root-stocks is the development trend of the world apple industry including China. In this paper, the methods of materials treatment, indicators measuring and the resistance evaluation in drought, cold resistance studies over the years are summarized systematically. Binding to the resistance mechanisms studies in model plants, both physiology and molecular mechanisms of drought, cold resistance of apple dwarfing rootstocks are reviewed. Summary analysis of evaluation and mechanism research in stress resistance will provide a reference for screening and evaluation of apple dwarfing rootstocks, and establish theoretical bases for new variety cultivation.