兰州市北山不同人工林土壤持水能力和渗透性特征研究

Research on Soil Moisture Retention Capacity and Soil Infiltration Property of Different Kinds of Artificial Forests in Northern Mountain of Lanzhou

摘要: 为了解兰州市北山不同林地土壤持水能力和渗透特性，选取白榆和刺槐混交林地、新疆杨林地、梨树林地和侧柏林地4种林地类型，研究不同林地土壤持水能力和渗透性。结果表明，土壤容重为新疆杨树林地(1.46 g/cm³) > 梨树林地(1.40 g/cm³) > 混交林地(1.28 g/cm³) > 侧柏林地(1.27 g/cm³)；总孔隙度在不同林地间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；在0~20 cm土层深度内各林地土壤毛管孔隙均最大，在20~40 cm土层深度内各林地土壤非毛管孔隙均最大;土壤最大持水量侧柏林地最大(1040.87 t/hm²)，梨树林地最小(913.29 t/hm²)；土壤入渗速率在0~40 cm土层深度内随时间增加而逐渐减小，在40 cm以下基本不变。经研究分析得出，人工林对土壤持水能力和入渗特性的影响主要集中在0~40 cm土层深度内。

Abstract: This paper mainly studied soil moisture retention capacity and soil infiltration property of four different artificial forests, which are Ulmus pumila and Robinia psrudoacid, Populus alba L. Var. pyramidalis, Pyrus SPP and Platycladus orientalis which was planted in northern mountain of Lanzhou. The results go as follows: The soil bulk density in the four different artificial forests from high to low is Populus alba L. Var. pyramidalis (1.46 g/m³) > Pyrus SPP (1.40 g/cm³) > Mixed forest (1.28 g/cm³) > Platycladus orientalis (1.27 g/cm³); Total soil porosity varies dramatically with different kinds of forest land. Capillary prosity is maximum in different kinds of forest land between 0 to 20 centimeters, while non capillary prosity is maximum in different kinds of forest land between 0 to 20 centimeters. Max soil moisture capacity changes greatly in different kinds of forest land, Platycladus orientalis is max and Pyrus SPP is min. The soil infiltration characteristics is increased as time goes by between 0 to 40 centimeters, while under 40 centimeters almost steadiness. According to soil moisture capacity and soil infiltration characteristics, plants’ influence on soil character of physics is focused on between 0 to 40 centimeters.