护国运动时期云南都督府的“拥护共和”奖功制度

“Protection Republic” Award Merit System of Yunnan Military Government in Defending Republicanism Movement

摘要: 护国运动时期，云南都督府建立了一整套“拥护共和”奖功制度，《拥护共和纪念章条例》和《拥护共和奖章条例》共同构成了“拥护共和”奖功制度的两个最为重要的组成部分，“拥护共和纪念章”奖励参与护国战争的军人，“拥护共和奖章”褒奖参与护国运动的社会各界人士。受奖人员不仅包括了军人，而且还有以各种方式积极参与到护国运动中的社会各界代表，甚至华侨、外籍人士和妇女，表明了护国运动得到了当时中国各阶层人士的支持。本文对护国运动的“拥护共和”奖功制度的形成与意义展开研究，提出“拥护共和”奖功制度从一个侧面证明了护国战争是一次有着人民群众支持的革命战争，护国运动是中国近代史上一次有着广泛社会参与和基础的政治运动；“拥护共和”奖功制度是在近代中国奖功制度基础上、护国战争和护国运动的特殊历史背景下的所形成的一套具有时代鲜明特色的奖功制度，具有重要的历史意义和影响。

Abstract: In the period of Defending Republicanism Movement, Yunnan Military Government has estab-lished a complete set of “Protection Republic” award merit system. The “Memorial Decorations Ordinance for the Protection of the Republic” and the “Medal Ordinance for the Protection of the Republic” constitute the two most important parts of the award merit system: to award the “Me-morial Decorations for the Protection of the Republic” for the Military who is involved in the de-fending republicanism war; to award the “Medal for the Protection of the Republic” for the civilian who is involved in the defending republicanism movement. Alumni includes not only the soldiers, but also in a variety of ways to actively participate into the movement of the representatives of all sectors of society, including overseas Chinese, foreigners and women, this shows that the Defending Republicanism Movement was supported by the Chinese people at that time. This proves that the defending republicanism war is a revolutionary war with the support of the people, the defending republicanism movement is a political movement which has extensive social participation and foundation in the history of modern China.