论霍尔“单/多时制”与口译记忆

On Hall’s M-Time, P-Time and Oral Interpretation Memory

摘要: 在语言加工过程中，记忆性认知活动至关重要。然而，人类由于人种、民族或地域的差异，记忆的行为也极具差异。霍尔通过对人类学、人种学以及地域分布的考察，发现了“单时制”和“多时制”两种极具个性特征的记忆人群。基于霍尔的“单/多时制”理论，将其延伸至口译翻译的认知与心理领域时发现，口译记忆的方式不同，导致各自顾及的重点不同，在制衡对手的方法上也有所不同，因此，双方所持有的“优势”也不同。研究的结论是：优势互补的最佳选择是充分掌握对方思维的特点及行事方式，知己知彼，避免对策的盲目性。

Abstract: In language processing, cognitive actions of memory are of utmost importance. Nevertheless, these actions are quite different because of the difference between the ethnic groups, nationalities and their living regions. Through a long-term investigation into the anthropology, ethnic groups and the distribution of people, Hall found out the two characterized types of groups: the Monochronic Group and the Polychronic Group. Based on Hall’s M/P Theory, we found that people may focus on different points or use different ways in interpretation due to the difference between the ways they are memorizing. Therefore, the way to control their rivals and their advantages are also different. Hence, the verdict of the study is that: the best way for complementing each other’s advantages is to understand the action and thinking characteristics of our rivals. That is, to avoid blind actions, we have to know ourselves as well as the rivals.