摘要:
水是生命之源，是人类生存和社会经济可持续发展的基础，鉴于目前水资源供需矛盾加剧、利用效率低下、水环境恶化等问题日益凸显，水资源的可持续利用受到严峻的挑战，因此，研究区域水资源可持续利用的指标体系及其评价成为当务之急。在正确地认识水资源的现状及发展趋势的基础上，对水资源的可持续性进行准确的评价成为重中之重。通过对近年来国内外水资源可持续利用评价领域的多种体系进行总结，从指标体系的构建方法和评价方法两个角度进行归纳，指出了目前指标体系构建方法的可操作性仍存在不足，特征指标仍存在相对局限等问题，同时对目前的评价方法进行了分析，认为主观赋权易于实现，但精度差，客观赋权能较全面地利用数据，但过于繁琐，而诸如神经网络的不赋权法操作简单易行，但结果过度依赖于已有数据样本集。通过对国内外水资源可持续利用评价体系中存在的问题和发展趋势的梳理和归纳，以期引发对区域水资源可持续利用研究的新思考，推动水资源可持续利用评价体系及其评价方法的改进和完善。
Abstract:
Water is the source of life and on which human being exists and social economy develops sustainable. There still remain many problems challenging the sustainable water resource utilization, such as imbal-ance between the demand and the supply, the low efficiency utilization and the worsening water envi-ronment. So the studying of evaluating index system and methods of regional water resource sustainable utilization becomes the prior problem to solve. On the base of realizing the current situation and devel-oping tendency, the accurate evaluation of the sustainability of water resources is attached more and more important. By leaning the summary of lots of systems in evaluating the sustainability of domestic and foreign, the problems of methods and index system are summarized. It is pointed out that there remain problems that it’s still something wrong with the method to build the index system and that there’s limitation in characteristic index. Simultaneously, by analyzing the present evaluation method, it is ad-mitted that subjective weighting is easy to realize but with a comparatively worse accuracy, while objec-tive weighting can utilize the data completely but is too fussy to operate it. No-weighting method like ANN is easy to operate, but it mostly depends on the fake data. At last, the problem and development tendency are summarized to attract some new opinions of studying the sustainable regional water resources utilization and push the improvement of the evaluation system of sustainable water resources utilization.