权力对异性恋女性客体化他人的影响
Effects of Power on the Sexual Objectification to Others for Heterosexual Women
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2016.611146, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 1,980  浏览: 4,178  国家科技经费支持
作者: 肖丽娟, 郑 涌：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 社会权力感；个人权力感；性客体化；分析性加工；构型性加工
摘要: 本研究探讨权力(社会权力感，个人权力感)对女异性恋个体客体化他人的影响。招募60名女异性恋被试。通过呈现权力相关词汇启动被试的社会权力感，采用个人权力感问卷收集被试的个人权力感信息，并通过倒置效应范式采集被试再认性感男、女图片的正确率和反应时。实验结果显示：(1) 高个人权力感女性处于高社会权力感条件中，会性客体化女性目标，对男性目标则没有性客体化；处于低社会权力感条件中，没有性客体化出现。(2) 低个人权力感女性会性客体化女性目标，而对男性目标则没有性客体化；且该效应不受社会权力感的影响。
Abstract: The current study investigated the effects of power (social power vs. personal power) on the sexual objectification to others for heterosexual women. We recruited 60 heterosexual women. Pow-er-related words were presented to participants to prime social power, and the personal power was measured via the Generalized Sense of Power Scale. We adopted the body inversion paradigm to collect accuracy rates and reaction times of participants when recognized sexualized female and male targets. The results showed that (1) women with high personal power would sexual objectify sexualized female targets when presented high social power cues; while did not do that with low social power cues; (2) women with low personal power would sexual objectify sexualized female targets, but did not for sexualized male targets, regardless of their social power.
文章引用：肖丽娟, 郑涌 (2016). 权力对异性恋女性客体化他人的影响. 心理学进展, 6(11), 1158-1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2016.611146

参考文献

[1] 李小平, 杨晟宇, 李梦遥(2012). 权威人格与权力感对道德思维方式的影响. 心理学报, 44(7), 964-971.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2012.00964
[2] 王雪, 蔡頠, 孙嘉卿, 吴嵩, 封子奇, 金盛华(2014). 社会心理学视角下权力理论的发展与比较. 心理科学进展, 22(1), 139-149.
[3] 魏秋江, 段锦云, 范庭卫(2012). 权力操作范式的分析与比较. 心理科学进展, 20(9), 1507-1518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2012.01507
[4] Anderson, C., & Berdahl, J. L. (2002). The Experience of Power: Examining the Effects of Power on Approach and Inhibition Tendencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 83, 1362-1377. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1362
[5] Anderson, C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2006). Power, Optimism, and Risk-Taking. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 511-536. http://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.324
[6] Bernard, P., Gervais, S. J., Allen, J., Campomizzi, S., Klein, O., & Science, P. (2012). Integrating Sexual Objectification With Object Versus Person Recognition The Sexualized-Body-Inversion Hypothesis. Psychological Science, 23, 469-471. https:/doi.org/10.1177/0956797611434748
[7] Casimir, G., & Waldman, D. A. (2007). A Cross Cultural Comparison of the Importance of Leadership Traits for Effective Low-Level and High-Level Leaders: Australia and China. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 7, 47-60. https:/doi.org/10.1177/1470595807075171
[8] Caza, B. B., Tiedens, L., & Lee, F. (2011). Power Becomes You: The Effects of Implicit and Explicit Power on the Self. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114, 15-24. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.09.003
[9] Chen, S., Lee-Chai, A. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (2001). Relationship Orienta-tion as a Moderator of the Effects of Social Power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 173-187. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.173
[10] Civile, C., & Obhi, S. S. (2016). Power, Objectification, and Recognition of Sexualized Women and Men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40, 199-212. https:/doi.org/10.1177/0361684315604820
[11] Civile, C., Rajagobal, A., & Obhi, S. S. (2016). Power, Ethnic Origin, and Sexual Objectification. SAGE Open, 6, 1-13. https:/doi.org/10.1177/2158244016646150
[12] Davidson, M. M., Gervais, S. J., Canivez, G. L., & Cole, B. P. (2013). A psychometric Examination of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale among college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 239-250. https:/doi.org/10.1037/a0032075
[13] Engeln-Maddox, R., Miller, S. A., & Doyle, D. M. (2011). Tests of Objectification Theory in Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Community Samples: Mixed Evidence for Proposed Pathways. Sex Roles, 65, 518-532. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9958-8
[14] Fiske, S. T., & Dépret, E. (1996). Control, Interdependence and Power: Understanding Social Cognition in Its Social Context. European Review of Social Psychology, 7, 31-61. https:/doi.org/10.1080/14792779443000094
[15] Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification Theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. https:/doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
[16] Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Magee, J. C. (2003). From Power to Action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 453-466. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.453
[17] Galinsky, A. D., Magee, J. C., Gruenfeld, D. H., Whitson, J. A., & Lil-jenquist, K. A. (2008). Power Reduces the Press of the Situation: Implications for Creativity, Conformity, and Dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1450-1466. https:/doi.org/10.1037/a0012633
[18] Gervais, S. J., Vescio, T. K., Förster, J., Maass, A., & Suitner, C. (2012). Seeing Women as Objects: The Sexual Body Part Recognition Bias. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 743-753. https:/doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1890
[19] Gruenfeld, D. H., Inesi, M. E., Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Power and the Objectification of Social Targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 111-127. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.111
[20] Kaschak, E. (1993). Engendered Lives: A New Psychology of Women’s Experience: Basic Books.
[21] Keltner, D., H., G. D., & Anderson, C. (2003). Power, Approach, and Inhibition. Psychological Review, 110, 265-284. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.265
[22] Kozak, M., Frankenhauser, H., & Roberts, T.-A. (2009). Objects of Desire: Objectification as a Function of Male Sexual Orientation. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10, 225-230. https:/doi.org/10.1037/a0016257
[23] Kozee, H. B., Tylka, T. L., Augustus-Horvath, C. L., & Denchik, A. (2007). De-velopment and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 176-189. https:/doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00351.x
[24] Lammers, J., Galinsky, A. D., Gordijn, E. H., & Otten, S. (2008). Illegitimacy Moderates the Effects of Power on Approach. Psychological Science, 19, 558-564. https:/doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02123.x
[25] Loughnan, S., Fernandez-Campos, S., Vaes, J., Anjum, G., Aziz, M., Harada, C. et al. (2015). Exploring the Role of Culture in Sexual Objectification: A Seven Nations Study. International Review of Social Psychology, 28, 125-152.
[26] Loughnan, S., Haslam, N., Murnane, T., Vaes, J., Reynolds, C., & Suitner, C. (2010). Objectification Leads to Depersonalization: The Denial of Mind and Moral Concern to Objectified Others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 709-717.
[27] Maurer, D., Le Grand, R., & Mondloch, C. (2002). The Many Faces of Configural Processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255-260. https:/doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4
[28] Reed, C. L., Stone, V. E., Grubb, J. D., & McGoldrick, J. E. (2006). Turning Configural Processing Upside Down: Part and Whole Body Postures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 73-87. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.32.1.73
[29] Shenkar, O., & Ronen, S. (1987). The Cultural Context of Negotiations: The Implications of Chinese Interpersonal Norms. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 263-275. https:/doi.org/10.1177/0021886387232009
[30] Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at Upside-Down Faces. Journal of Experi-mental Psychology, 81, 141-145. https:/doi.org/10.1037/h0027474