湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区及其周边蝶类多样性及区系分析

Diversity and Faunal Analysis of Butterflies within and outside the Huangsang National Nature Reserve of Hunan

摘要: 2016年4~10月，在湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区选取6条生境不同的样线逐月进行了蝶类多样性调查，共记录到蝴蝶3611只，隶属5科96属170种。虽然灰蝶科的个体数最多(1365只，37.8%)，但以蛱蝶科的种类最多(87种，占51.2%)，其等级多样性指数最高(H'(GS) = 9.9636)，均匀度指数(J值)和物种丰富度指数(R值)也较高，属于优势类群。就H'(GS)值排序，蛱蝶科之后依次为弄蝶科、灰蝶科、粉蝶科、凤蝶科。位于保护区核心区的样线IV的蝶类群落具有最高的H'(GS)和R值，其J值也较高，但D值较低。位于保护区实验区的样线V的蝶类群落H'(GS)与R值均为最低，J值也较低，但D值较高。对6条样线进行的聚类分析表明，蝶类群落的相似度与生境质量及植被类型相关，位于保护区边界的样线I、II与处于保护区内的另4条样线的相似度都较低。7~10月间，蝶类的物种多样性指数(H')和R值稳定在较高的水平，但D值较低。区内的蝶类区系以东洋界种类为主体(123种，72.35%)，广布种有一定的数量(45种，26.47%)，古北界种类也有2种(1.18%)，表明该保护区的蝶类区系具有一定的复杂性和过渡性。

Abstract: The diversity of butterfly in the Huangsang National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province (China) was investigated monthly in 6 selected different habitat transects from April to October, 2016. A total number of 3611 individuals were observed and found they belonged to 170 species of 96 genera under 5 families. The family Lycaenidae had the largest number of individuals (1365), accounting for 37.8% of the total. Followed by Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae, and Papilionidae, the family Nymphalidae had the largest number of species (87), for 51.2% of the total, and the largest Taxonomic Diversity Index value (H’(GS) = 9.9636), and relatively larger Pielou Evenness Index (J value) & Margalef Species Richness Index (R value). The butterfly community in the transect IV located in the core area of the Reserve had the highest H’(GS) and R value, relatively larger J value, and lower D value, while the one of the transect V in the experimental area had the lowest H´(GS) and R value, relatively lower J value, and larger D value. The result obtained by cluster analysis for the 6 transects showed that the similarities of these butterfly communities were related to the habitat quality as well as vegetable types, however, the butterfly communities between the transect I, II (outside the Reserve) and the other four transects (within the Reserve) had relatively low similarity. Overall, from July to October, the butterfly communities present the relatively higher Species Diversity Index (H´) and R value but the lower D value. The butterfly fauna in this Reserve was dominated by the Oriental species (123, 72.35%), followed by the Widespread (45 species, 26.47%) and the Palearctic (2 species), and thus it appeared certain complexity and transitivity.