小区建设中地下构筑物和地面硬化对地下水补给的叠加影响分析与对策

The Overlying Influence of Underground Structure and Impermeable Surface of the Ground on Groundwater Recharge in Residential Area Construction

摘要: 人多地少是我国城市化进程中的主要矛盾，小区建筑物向空中和地下发展是必然的结果，不仅造成地面硬化面积增加，地表径流增大，同时地下硬化面积也增加，割裂了降雨入渗与地下水之间的联系，进一步减少了地下水补给量、也加重了城市的热岛效应。以济南市城市小区建设的具体情况为例，提出了地下硬化率的概念，评价了地下硬化率对岩溶水的补给影响，分析了实际地表硬化率、计算地表硬化率与径流量的关系。结果表明：地下硬化面积是造成城市小区地表雨水补给地下水量损失的重要因素，岩溶水补给损失率达93%。在分析计算的基础上，针对济南市特殊的地理特点结合海绵城市试点工程建设，结合国内外先进生态小区建设实例，提出了适合济南市生态小区建设与发展的方向，为济南城市建设与改造提供依据。

Abstract: More population and less land is the main contradiction in the process of urbanization in China. Residential buildings developing upward and downward, not only made the impervious surface area increased, increasing more surface runoff, but also the underground impervious area increased, jointly cutting the connection between the rainfall infiltration and groundwater recharge and further reducing groundwater recharge and enhancing the heat island effect of the city. A case study of the construction of Jinan urban district, the concept of underground impervious rate, effect evaluating of underground impervious rate on recharge of karst groundwater, the relationship analysis between the actual impervious surface rate, impervious surface rate and runoff calculating method are proposed. The result shows the impervious area after construction is an important factor which causes 93% of the loss of surface water recharging into karst groundwater compared with before construction. Finally, the concept of construction and development of water ecological community in Jinan was proposed according to the special geographical features and the construction of the pilot project of the sponge city in Jinan.