黄河中游重点支流基流变化研究

Analysis on Base Flow Changes of Key Tributary in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

摘要: 利用黄河中游河龙间5条入黄一级支流水文站自有观测纪录以来至2010年日径流资料，采用逐日平均流量过程线进行了基流切割，研究了五支流基流变化趋势。结果表明，五支流基流和地表径流均呈减少趋势，呈现出1980年前、1981~1998年、1999~2010年三个相对平稳的时段，第一时段和第三时段基流减少与径流减少的比值从高到低依次为：秃尾河57.8%、佳芦河37.2%、窟野河32.0%、孤山川20.3%、皇甫川15.2%，由北向南、由东向西，在河川径流减少量中，地下水补给减少的比重升高。在此基础上探讨了地形地貌、地质构造、气象水文和人类活动等因素对河川基流的影响，认为区域生产建设用水和地下水开采等人为因素是区域河川基流趋势性变化的主要控制因素。

Abstract: Based on the daily runoff data records from the dawn of observation records to 2010 from hydrological station of five tributaries in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the average daily flow process line was used for cutting base flow and the base flow variation trend of the five tributaries was studied. The results show that the base flow and surface runoff of the five tributaries have a trend of decrease, which demon-strates three relatively stable time frame (before1980, 1981-1998 and 1999-2010). The ratios of base flow reduction to runoff reduction from high to low are 57.8%, 32.0%, 20.3% and 15.2% for Tuwei, Jialu, Kuye, Gushanand Huangfu rivers, respectively. From north to south and from east to west, in the reduction of runoff, the proportion of groundwater recharge is decreased. On this basis, the influence factors such as landform, geological structure, hydrological and meteorological and human activities on river base flow are discussed. The artificial factors such as water used by production and construction and exploitation of groundwater are the main control factors on the changes of regional river base flow trend.