控盐施肥对滨海中度盐渍土壤盐分、养分及冬小麦产量的影响

Soil Salinity, Nutrients and Winter Wheat Yields of Coastal Saline Soil under the Condition of Salt-Controlled Fertilizer Management Model

摘要: 以田间试验方法研究了两种控盐施肥模式对滨海引黄灌区中度盐渍土土壤养分、盐分和作物产量的影响。结果表明，常量化肥 + 有机肥模式(化肥N-P₂O₅-K₂O：278.4-98.55-180 kg/hm²，有机肥3600 kg/hm²)与习惯施肥模式(化肥N-P₂O₅-K₂O：274.2-345-0 kg/hm²)相比使返青期土壤水溶性盐分含量降低16.5%，全生育期土壤碱解氮含量平均提高3.8%，速效钾含量平均提高15.7%，有效磷含量未出现明显降低，冬小麦产量提高29.03%；减量化肥 + 增量有机肥模式(化肥N-P₂O₅-K₂O：185.6-65.7-120 kg/hm²，有机肥7200 kg/hm²)与习惯施肥模式相比，能显著降低中度盐渍土中的水溶性盐含量(返青期可减少18.3%，平均减少12.6%) (P < 0.05)，同时未造成土壤有效养分含量的降低和冬小麦产量的下降。施用有机肥能够有效降低中度盐渍土土壤容重(平均降低1.8%)，增加土壤有机质(平均增加5.8%)，减缓有效磷、速效钾损失，是减少土壤盐分、改善土壤结构、改良滨海盐渍土的有效措施。

Abstract: Using the method of field experiment, this study compared the amounts of soil nutrients, soil sa-linity and crop yields in Binhai saline-alkali soil under two kinds of salt-controlled fertilizer management models. The results showed that compared with the farmer’s practice model (chemical N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 274.2-345-0 kg/hm²), the normal chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer model (chemical N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 278.4-98.55-180 kg/hm², organic fertilizer 3600 kg/hm²) reduced the water-soluble salt content of seedling period by 16.5%, and increased the amounts of available N and K by 3.8% and 15.7% respectively in the whole growth period. There was no significant change in soil available P content under the condition of decreasing the amount of P fertilizer application. The winter wheat yields increased 29.03%. Compared with farmer’s practice model, the reduced chemical fertilizer + increased organic fertilizer model (chemical N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 185.6-65.7-120 kg/hm², organic fertilizer 7200 kg/hm²) could significantly (P < 0.05) reduce the amounts of water soluble salt (the period of seedling establishment decreased 18.3%, average decreased 12.6%) but maintain the amounts of soil available nutrient and winter wheat yields. Organic fertilizer application significantly decreased soil bulk density (the soil bulk density decreased 1.8%), increased the soil organic matter (SOM increased 5.8%), and reduced the loss of available P and K, indicating it is an effective measure to reduce soil salt and improve saline soil.