初次验光确诊为近视的青少年儿童水平隐斜视状态观察与相关文献复习

Horizontal Heterophoria in Newly Diagnosed Myopia Juveniles at Their First Optometry: A Clinical Investigation and Literature Review

摘要: 目的：观察隐斜视在近视青少年儿童中的发生情况及相关文献复习。方法：对150例初次验光确诊为近视的初中生进行了远距离及近距离隐斜视检查，以被检者最佳矫正视力的上一行视标作为注视视标，采用Von Graefe法测量研究对象的远近距离水平隐斜视类型以及隐斜视量，并使用SPSS17.0统计分析软件对结果进行统计分析。结果：远距离水平隐斜视中，绝对正位眼很少，仅占7.3%，其余92.7%均有不同类型、不同程度的隐斜，其中外隐斜略多于内隐斜，分别占51.3%和41.3%，远距离隐斜视量为(−0.63 ± 3.009)^△。视近时水平隐斜视中，97.3%存在不同类型、不同程度的隐斜视，外隐斜占75.3%，内隐斜仅占22%，近距离隐斜视量为(−3.95 ± 3.829)^△。远近距离隐斜视有统计学差异，不考虑隐斜视的类型，远距离眼位相对于近距离来说更趋向于正位化。结论:多数近视学生存在不同程度的外隐斜，验光过程中需要注意隐斜视等双眼视觉功能参数的检查，这有利于开具合适的眼镜矫正处方以及合理的近视预防和控制措施的制定。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the incidence of heterophoria on juvenile populations and conduct rele-vant literature reviews. Methods: Near and distance heterophoria tests were administered to 150 juvenile diagnosed of myopia at their first optometry, the line upper than the line at best corrected visual acuity in an eye chart was chosen and the Von Graefe method was utilized to investigate near, distance horizontal heterophoria types and degrees. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS17.0 software. Results: In those distance horizontal heterophoria juveniles, orthophoria ac-counted only for 7.3%, the other 92.7% ones all had different sorts and extents of heterophoria (exophoria vs esophoria: 51.3% vs 41.3%; the mean deviation of distance heterophoria: −0.63^△). In the cases of near horizontal heterophoria, 97.3% ones all had different sorts and extents of heterophoria, in which exophoria accounted for 75.3%, while esophoria only for 22%, and the mean deviation of near heterophoria was −3.95^△. There was a statistical difference between the near and distance heterophoria, and the distance eye position tended to be more at the normal position compared with the near ones regardless of phoria types. Conclusion: Most myopia juveniles have different extents of exophoria and are in need of binocular vision examinations at their optometry, which is of significance for eyeglass prescription and myopia control.