不同植被类型复垦对黑岱沟露天煤矿土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Vegetations Reclamation on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Heidaigou Opencast Coal Mine Area

摘要: [目的]：通过分析黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场内不同植被类型下的土壤性状变化情况，为该地区选择合理的复垦植被类型提供科学依据。[方法]：通过分析不同的复垦植被类型：豆科作物(苜蓿)和灌木(山杏、油松和沙棘)及油松和沙棘混交林复垦下的土壤水分和养分的变化情况，揭示不同植被类型下对土壤理化性质的影响状况。[结果]：不同植被类型均可提高土壤表层(0~20 cm)土壤含水量，复垦年限相同时，灌木的保水效果整体上要好于豆科，灌木混交时要好于单植。不同植被类型均可不同程度的提高土壤养分含量，但随着复垦年限的增加，有机质、全氮、碱解氮和全磷均呈现下降的变化趋势，而速效磷含量呈现上升趋势。不同植被类型均对排土场土壤修复起到了一定的积极作用，但灌木的修复效果较豆科(苜蓿)要好，而灌木混交条件下表现最好。[结论]：利用灌木混交作为复垦植被更有利于矿区排土场土壤的质量的提升。

Abstract: [Objective]: Through analyzing the changes of the soil properties under different vegetations in disposal sites in Heidaigou opencast coal mine, and reached a goal to provide a scientific foundation for local region to choose appropriate vegetations for reclamation. [Methods]: Study the different type of vegetations including Leguminous plant (alfalfa), Shrubs (Armeniaca sibirica, Pinus tabulaeformis and Sea buckthorn) and mixed plantation of Pinus tabulaeformis and Sea buckthorn. We analyzed the changes of the soil moisture and nutrients with different vegetations to reveal the condition of soil remediation by planting different vegetations. [Results]: All different types of vegetations could improve the topsoil (0 - 20 cm) moisture. During the same year of reclamation, Shrubs had a better water-keeping effect than Leguminous plants from whole respect, mixed plantation of Shrubs batter than single. Different types of vegetations improved the soil nutrient at different degree, but as the years increased, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and total phosphorus displayed a decreased tendency. Overall, all the different vegetations played a positive effect on Soil remediation, but Shrubs performed better than Leguminous plants, and with the mixed plantation of Shrubs performed best. [Conclusions]: We recommended the opencast coal mines to use the mixed plantation of Shrubs as a feasible way to improve the soil quality in mining area.