创伤后应激障碍的脑功能磁共振成像研究进展
Research Progress of Brain Function Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
摘要: 创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是个体直接或间接接触自然灾害、战争、性侵害、严重交通事故、长期监禁与拷问等创伤性事件后所出现的应激相关障碍，对个体的身心健康和社会适应性造成严重损害的一类疾病。近年来，随着医学影像学技术的发展，人们对于创伤后应激障碍的发病机制的研究更加深入，更多的从影像神经学等层面去探讨其发生发展的机理，尤其是脑神经影像学研究(如功能磁共振成像)在创伤后应激障碍中的应用日益增多。脑功能磁共振成像技术不仅能够直观的观测到患者具体病变的脑区部位而且能够观测到其脑区神经回路的转变，对神经精神疾病的发病机制的研究具有重要作用。本文主要综述脑功能磁共振成像技术在创伤后应激障碍中的应用及进展，并提出今后可能的研究方向。
Abstract: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is stress related disorders by individual direct or indirect contact with natural disasters, wars, sexual abuse, serious traffic accidents, long-term imprison-ment and torture after a traumatic event, a disease causing serious damage to the individual's physical and mental health and social adaptability. In recent years, with the rapid development of medical imaging technology, research on the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder, more deeply, more from the perspective of imaging neuroscience to explore the mechanism of its occurrence and development, especially the study on brain imaging (such as functional magnetic resonance imaging) application in post-traumatic stress disorder is increasing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging technique can not only intuitively observe the brain areas in patients with specific lesions but also observe the changes of neural circuits in the brain area; it is very important to study the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews the application and progress of brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in post-traumatic stress disorder, and puts forward the possible research directions in the future.
文章引用：张红, 李金瑞, 吴美真 (2017). 创伤后应激障碍的脑功能磁共振成像研究进展. 心理学进展, 7(11), 1329-1336. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2017.711165

参考文献

[1] 程秀华, 刘连忠, 付京(2004). 烧伤病人的心理应激与干预. 护理研究, 18(11), 1896-1898.
[2] 侯彩兰(2007). 矿难后创伤后应激障碍流行病学及神经影像学研究. 博士论文, 长沙: 中南大学.
[3] 刘爱忠, 谭红专, 周价, 等(2003). 洪灾区儿童创伤性应激障碍的流行病学研究. 中国公共卫生, 19(4), 447-449.
[4] 王学义(2012). 创伤后应激障碍. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社.
[5] 张虹, 袁彩凤(2010). 不同针灸方法治疗汶川“5.12”地震创伤后应急障碍的临床随机对照研究. 中华中医药杂志, 25(9), 1505-1510.
[6] 赵丞智, 李俊福, 王明山, 等(2001). 地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素. 中国心理卫生杂志, 15(3) 145-147.
[7] Astur, R. S., St, G. S., Tolin, D. et al. (2006). Hippocampus Function Predicts Severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9, 234-240.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.234
[8] Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, No. 12, CD003388.
[9] Bremner, J. D., Staib, L. H., Kaloupek, D. et al. (1999). Neural Correlates of Exposure to Traumatic Pictures and Sound in Vietnam Combat Veterans with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 806-816.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00297-2
[10] Bremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. et al. (2003). MRI and PET Study of Deficits in Hippocampal Structure and Function in Women with Childhood Sexual Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 924-932.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924
[11] Brernner, J. D., Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C. et al. (2005). Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Neural Correlates of a Fear Acquisition and Extinction Paradigm in Women with Childhood Sexual-Abuse-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Medicine, 35, 791-806.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704003290
[12] Brohawn, K. H., Offringar, P. et al. (2010). The Neural Correlates of Emotional Memory in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 1023-1030.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.018
[13] Brunetti, M., Sepede, G., Mingoia, G. et al. (2010). Elevated Response of Human Amygdala to Neutral Stimuli in Mild Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Neural Correlates of Generalized Emotional Response. Neuroscience, 168, 670-679.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.024
[14] Chemtob, C. M., Tomas, S., Law, W. et al. (1997). Postdisaster Psychological Intervention: A Field Study of the Impact of Debriefing on Psychological Distress. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 415-417.
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.3.415
[15] Fein, J. A., Kassam-Adams, N., Vu, T. et al. (2001). Emergency Department Evaluation of Acute Disorder Symptoms in Violently Youth. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 38, 391-396.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.118225
[16] Fonzo, G. A., Simmons, A. N., Thorp, S. R. et al. (2010). Exaggerated and Disconnected Insular-Amygdalar Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Response to Threat-Related Emotional Faces in Women with Intimate-Partner Violence Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 433-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.028
[17] Gilbertson, M. W., Shentou, M. E., Ciszewski, A. et al. (2002). Smaller Hippocampal Volume Predicts Vulnerability to Psychological Trauma. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1242-1247.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nn958
[18] Gilboa, A., Shalev, A. Y., Laor, L. et al. (2002). Functional Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex and the Amygdala in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 263-272.
[19] Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Densmore, M. et al. (2001). Neural Correlates of Traumatic Memories in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Functional MRI Investigation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1920-1922.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1920
[20] Linnman, C., Zeffiro, T. A., Pitman, R. K., & Mohammed, R. M. (2010). An fMRI Study of Unconditioned Responses in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 1, 8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-5380-1-8
[21] Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002). The Relationship between Efficacy and Methodology in Studies Investigation EMDR Treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 36-41.
[22] Robinson, B. L., & Shergill, S. S. (2011). Imaging in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 29-33.
https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283413519
[23] Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (2001). Study Quality and Effect-Sizes—A Meta-Analysis of EMDR Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 51, 350.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-16898
[24] Shin, L. M., Wright, C. I., Cannistraro, P. A. et al. (2005). A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Overtly Presented Fearful Faces in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 273-281.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.273
[25] Spector, J., & Read, J. (1999). The Current Status of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 165-174.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199907)6:3<165::AID-CPP199>3.0.CO;2-V
[26] Van Etten, M. L., & Taylors, S. (1998). Comparative Efficacy of Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Mental Analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 126-144.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199809)5:3<126::AID-CPP153>3.0.CO;2-H
[27] Villarreal, G., & King, C. Y. (2001). Brain Imaging in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 6, 131-145.
https://doi.org/10.1053/scnp.2001.21840