基于土地利用变化的闪电河湿地生态系统服务价值评价

Evaluation of Ecosystem Service Values Based on Land Use Change in Shandianhe

摘要: 基于1985~2015年的土地利用数据，对坝上闪电河湿地30年来的土地利用变化进行了分析，并估算了其生态系统服务价值，分析了生态系统服务价值的时空动态及其对土地利用变化的响应。结果表明：闪电河湿地生态系统在1985~2015年间，土地利用情况发生了较大变化，其中，林地减少了47.53%，草地面积减少了58.50%，而耕地面积增加了5310.77 hm²。土地利用结构的变化导致闪电河湿地生态系统服务价值产生了一系列变化。首先，土地利用结构的变化使闪电河湿地生态系统服务价值总量由1985年的236,054.90万元下降为2015年的187,308.09万元，减少了48,746.85万元，变化率达20.65%。其次，体现在各单项服务价值上，1985~2015年，闪电河湿地生态系统服务功能除食物生产外均呈现出下降趋势，其中下降幅度最大的是气体调节功能，30年间下降了8565.95万元；食物生产能力相比于1985年，2015年上升了2370.73万元；其中，保持土壤与维持生物多样性价值量最高，分别占总服务价值的15.67%~16.09%和14.94%~15.47%。

Abstract: Based on land use data of Shandianhe wetland during 1985-2015, we analyzed the land use change, estimated the ecosystem service value, and analyzed the ecosystem service value of space-time dynamic and respond to changes in land use. The result shows that greater changes have taken place in the land use situation of Shandianhe wetland ecosystem in 1985-2015. Among them, the forest land is decreased by 47.53%, and the grassland area is decreased by 58.50%, while the cultivated land area is increased by 5310.77 hm². The change of land use structure resulted in a series of changes in the service value of the ecosystem services of Shandinhe wetland. Firstly, the change of land use structure has reduced the total value of ecosystem services of Shandinhe wetland ecosystem from 236,054.9 million yuan (in 1985) to 187,308.09 million (in 2015), with a decrease of 487.46.85 million yuan and a change rate of 20.65%. Secondly, it is reflected in the value of the individual services. In 1985-2015, the service function of the ecosystem services of Shandinhe wetland in addition to the food production showed a downward trend. The largest de-crease was the gas regulation function, which had been decreased by 8565.95 million yuan in 30 years. Compared with 1985, the food production capacity had been increased by 237.73 million yuan. Among them, maintaining soil and maintaining biodiversity value was the highest, accounting for 15.67% - 16.09% and 14.94% - 15.47% respectively.