大数据时代之犯罪控制范式

Crime Control Paradigm in Big Data Era

摘要: 犯罪学研究范式包括犯罪现象研究范式与犯罪控制范式，新的犯罪现象研究范式必然具有与之相适应的犯罪控制范式。大数据作为反映犯罪现象或犯罪行为的一种形式，犯罪现象或犯罪行为又是犯罪学的研究对象，因此，大数据必然对既有犯罪学研究范式提出挑战。本研究首先分析了大数据时代犯罪现象研究范式转变之原因：犯罪现象在形式上的碎片性与内容上的复杂系统性。其次研究了大数据时代犯罪现象研究之范式：整体论，具体模式是数据挖掘 + 计算模拟 + 虚拟现实结合。最后提出了大数据时代犯罪控制新范式：犯罪规划控制。

Abstract: The paradigm of criminology includes the research paradigm of crime phenomenon and the paradigm of crime control. The new paradigm of crime phenomenon must have a crime control paradigm suitable for it. Big data is a form of reflection of crime phenomena or crime behavior. Crime phenomenon or crime behavior is the object of criminology. Therefore, big data will inevitably challenge the existing paradigm of criminology. This study first analyzes the reasons for the transformation of the research paradigm of crime phenomenon in big data era: the fragmentation and complexity of crime phenomenon. Secondly, we study the paradigm of crime phenomenon in big data era: Holism—the specific model is integrated data mining, computational simulation and virtual reality. Finally, it puts forward a new paradigm of crime control in big data era: Crime planning control.