美国特殊教育发展的启示：从法律及运作状况探讨

The Revelation of Development of American Special Education: From the Law and Operational Status to Explore

摘要: 特殊教育虽然源于欧洲，但在北美地区却得到迅速的发展。尤其是美国，其特殊教育发展一直处于世界上的领先地位。从建立特殊教育法制、到落实各项特殊教育政策，美国已成为亚洲多个国家及地区的特殊教育发展之典范。本论文将会从法律的建立、教育安置、IEP之推行、融合教育的实施、师资培训、经费运作等状况，剖析美国特殊教育的发展。并反思我国目前的特殊教育发展之状况，提出特殊教育政策之建议。

Abstract: Special education, although derived from Europe, in North America has been rapid development. Especially development of special education in the United States has been in the world’s leading position. From the establishment of special education legal system to the implementation of various special education policies, the United States has become a model for the development of special education in many countries and regions in Asia. This paper will analyze the development of special education in the United States from the establishment of the law, the resettlement of education, the implementation of IEP, the implementation of the inclusive education, the training of teachers and the operation of funds, reflect about the situation of the current development of special education in China, and make recommendations of special education policies.