西双版纳橡胶林土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性时空变化特征
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Stability of Soil Water-Stable Aggregates in Rubber Plantation in Xishuangbanna
摘要: 本研究选择西双版纳境内不同林龄及不同海拔橡胶林为研究对象，分析土壤水稳性团聚体组成及其稳定性，同时与原始林进行对比，分析时空变化下土壤结构稳定性变化趋势，为西双版纳地区橡胶林合理种植及土壤肥力恢复提供参考依据。主要研究结果如下：1) 粒径 > 2 mm的土壤水稳性团聚体含量原始林 > 15a > 25a > 5a，粒径 < 0.25 mm的土壤水稳性团聚体含量5a > 25a > 15a > 原始林，林龄对土壤大粒径和最小粒径团聚体影响较大；土壤结构稳定性表现为原始林 > 15a > 25a > 5a，且表层土壤稳定性要高于下层土壤，林龄对橡胶林土壤结构稳定性影响较大；海拔850 m处橡胶林土壤结构稳定性最差，海拔950 m处橡胶林土壤结构综合稳定性最好，海拔1050 m处橡胶林表层土壤结构最稳定，但垂直稳定性最差。2) 总体来说，原始林转变为橡胶林之后，土壤结构稳定性变差，但加以合理的人工管理，再加上橡胶林生长过程中生态环境趋于稳定，其土壤抗侵蚀能力能够得以加强，水土保持功能能够得到一定恢复。
Abstract: This study selects rubber forests with different forest ages and different altitudes in Xishuangbanna as the research object, analyzes the composition and stability of soil water-stable aggregates, and compares them with the original forests, and analyzes the changes in the stability of soil structure under temporal and spatial changes, providing reference for rational plantation of rubber forest and restoration of soil fertility in Xishuangbanna area. The main findings are as follows: 1) Soil water-stable agglomerates with grain sizes > 2 mm. Original forest > 15a > 25a > 5a, soil water-stable aggregates with particle size < 0.25 mm 5a > 25a > 15a > primary forest, ages of forest have a greater effect on the large size and the smallest size aggregates; the soil structure shows the stability of the original forest > 15a > 25a > 5a, and the surface soil stability is higher than that of the lower layer soil, and the influence of forest age on the soil structure stability of rubber forests The stability of soil structure of rubber forest was the worst at 850 meters above sea level. The comprehensive stability of soil structure of rubber forest at 950 meters above sea level was the best. The surface soil structure of rubber forest at 1050 meters above sea level was the most stable, but its vertical stability was the worst. 2) In general, after the primary forest was transformed into a rubber forest, the stability of the soil structure deteriorated, but reasonable manual management, coupled with the stability of the ecological environment during the growth of rubber forest, its soil erosion resistance can be strengthen, water and soil conservation function can be restored.
文章引用：文朝菊, 王连晓, 陈明义. 西双版纳橡胶林土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性时空变化特征[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2018, 8(3): 662-672. https://doi.org/10.12677/AG.2018.83070

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