生物炭在铅、镉污染土壤修复中的研究进展

Research Progress of Biochar in Soil Restoration of Lead and Cadmium Composite Contaminated Soil

摘要: 生物炭是有机材料在厌氧或绝氧条件下经高温裂解炭化而成的一类高度芳香难熔性固态物质，具有良好的结构、巨大的比表面积以及吸附力。众多研究表明，生物炭作为新型的钝化剂，可通过与土壤重金属发生络合、沉淀、吸附以及离子交换等一系列反应，降低土壤中酸可提取态铅(Cd)、镉(Pb)的含量。本文综述了近年来生物质炭在Cd、Pb污染土壤修复中的研究情况，分别从生物炭修复重金属的固化机理、修复效果及影响因素等方面，探究生物质炭修复Cd、Pb复合污染与单一污染土壤的效果差异，为生物炭修复重金属复合污染研究提供依据，今后应加强生物炭对重金属复合污染修复的长期效应研究。

Abstract: Biochar is a kind of highly aromatic refractory solid material which is formed by carbonization of organic materials under anaerobic conditions. It has good structure, large specific surface area and adsorption capacity. Numerous studies had shown that biochar, as a new passivating agent, can reduce the acid extractable lead (Cd) and cadmium (Pb) in soil by a series of reactions such as complexation, precipitation, adsorption and ion exchange with heavy metals. This paper summa-rized the researches of biochar in soil remediation of Cd and Pb pollution in recent years, and ex-plored the difference between the effect of biochar remediation of Cd and Pb combined pollution and single contaminated soil from the aspects of curing heavy metals, repairing effect and influ-encing factors in order to provide the basis for the research on heavy metal combined pollution remediation of biochar. The long-term effect of biochar on heavy metal combined pollution should be strengthened in the future.