某民族高校新生结核病发病情况的调查

Investigation on the Incidence of Tuberculosis among Freshmen in a Minority Nationality College

摘要: 目的：了解某民族高校2016~2017级大学新生结核病的发病情况，为控制结核病的流行提供科学依据。方法：对某民族高校2016~2017级大学新生做结核菌素(PPD)试验，对PPD强阳性新生行X线胸片检查，胸片检查有异常者，做进一步检查及抗酸杆菌涂片检查或结核杆菌培养等其他检查。结果：2016年男生检出率为1114.83/10万(10/897)，女生检出率为645.16/10万(9/1395)，总检出率为828.97/10万(19/2292)；2017年男生检出率为333.33/10万(3/900)，女生检出率为376.41/10万(6/1594)，总检出率为360.87/10万(9/2494)，2016年某高校结核病人男女新生性别比为1.1:1；2017年为0.5:1；发病年龄17~23岁；不同民族结核病检出率比较结果显示，仅藏族大学新生检测出结核病，且2016年藏族学生结核病例数为1501.98/10万(19/1265)，2017年为653.59/10万(9/1377)。结论：某民族高校结核病患病率较高，且以藏族新生发病人数较高，为控制结核病在高校的流行，对来自于结核病高发地区的大学新生是今后结核病筛查的重点对象。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the prevalence of tuberculosis among university freshmen 2016-2017 and provide scientific evidence for controlling the prevalence of tuberculosis. Methods: A tuberculin (PPD) test was performed on college freshmen of 2016-2017 colleges in a college for ethnic minorities. X-ray examination was performed on strongly positive PPD newborns, and there were abnormal chest X-ray examinations. Further examinations and acid-fast bacilli smears were per-formed. Further examinations with mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and acid-fast bacilli smears were performed. Results: The detection rate of boys in 2016 was 1114.83/100,000 (10/897), the detection rate of girls was 645.16/100,000 (9/1395), and the total detection rate was 828.97/100 000 (19/2292); The detection rate of boys was 333.33 per 100,000 (3/900), the detection rate of girls was 376.41 per 100,000 (6/1594), and the total detection rate was 360.87 per 100,000 (9/2494). The gender ratio of male and female newborns was 1.1:1; in 2017, it was 0.5:1; the age of onset was 17 to 23 years; the comparison of the detection rates of tuberculosis among ethnic groups showed that only the freshmen of Tibetan universities detected tuberculosis and the number of tuberculosis cases among Tibetan students in 2016 It was 1501.98/100,000 (19/1265) and in 2017 it was 653.59/100,000 (9/1377). Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis in a college in a minority nation is high, and the number of new born cases of Tibetans is large. To control the prevalence of tuberculosis in colleges and universities, university freshmen from high-risk areas of tuberculosis are the key targets for tuberculosis screening in the future.