城市空间纬度下的优质小学教育资源非均等化机理探寻——以武汉市为例

Exploring the Mechanism of Non-Equalization of Quality Primary School Education Resources under the Latitude of Urban Space —Taking Wuhan City as an Example

摘要: 基础教育是城市基本公共服务的重要组成部分，开展空间维度下的优质小学教育资源均等化研究有益于优化教育资源的空间配置，保障和提升教育公平性。本文以武汉市中心城区为例，利用空间Kriging分析和空间自相关Moran’s I指数表现出明显的空间聚集性，揭示了当前小学教育的空间配置处于不均衡发展状态。利用特征价格模型对辖区内242所小学及周边8740套住宅相关数据的分析结果显示，优质教育资源对住宅租金价格具有正向影响，而且优质教育资源空间上的分布不均加剧了周边住宅租金的上涨：学校重点等级每提升1级，对应学区的住宅租金提高220元；省级示范学校的对应小区住宅租金提高880元。为了推动小学教育和城市住宅租赁市场的均衡发展，建议政府尽快采取缩小学校质量差异的相关措施。

Abstract: Basic education is an important part of urban basic public services. The research on equalization of high-quality primary education resources under the spatial dimension is beneficial to optimize the spatial allocation of educational resources and guarantee and improve the fairness of education. Taking the downtown area of Wuhan as an example, this paper uses spatial Kriging analysis and spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I index to show obvious spatial clustering, revealing that the current spatial allocation of primary education is in an unbalanced development state. Using the characteristic price model to analyze the data of 242 primary schools and surrounding 8740 house in the area, the quality education resources have a positive impact on the residential rent price, and the uneven distribution of quality education resources intensifies the rent of surrounding houses. For each rise of the school’s key level, the residential rent in the corresponding school district will increase by 220 yuan; the corresponding residential rent in the provincial model school will increase by 880 yuan. In order to promote the balanced development of primary education and urban residential leasing market, it is recommended that the government take measures to reduce the quality difference of schools as soon as possible.