基于因子分析和聚类分析的全国各地区空气质量评价

Air Quality Assessment in Various Regions of China Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

摘要: 本文基于污染物排放和环境保护视角，构建包含水环境、气体环境、固体废物三个方面的环境质量评价指标体系。采用因子分析对指标进行降维，提取出能够综合解释环境质量情况的3个主因子成分，分别为水污染因子、气体污染因子和固体污染因子；再采用聚类分析对我国31个省、市、自治区的环境质量进行分类评价。结果表明，2017年环境综合状况较好的省份有四川、贵州、湖北、西藏等；较差的省份有河北、甘肃、吉林、山西等。最后根据各省份的环境质量状况，对环境治理提出了改进建议。

Abstract: Based on the perspective of pollutant emission and environmental protection, this paper constructs an environmental quality assessment index system including water environment, gas environment and solid waste. Factor analysis is used to reduce the dimension of the index, and three main factor components that can comprehensively explain the environmental quality are extracted, which are water pollution factor, gas pollution factor and solid pollution factor. Cluster analysis is used to identify 31 provinces and cities in China. The environmental quality of the autonomous region is classified and evaluated. The results show that in the provinces with better environmental comprehensive conditions in 2017, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Tibet, etc.; the poor provinces are Hebei, Gansu, Jilin, Shanxi and so on. Finally, according to the environmental quality of each province, suggestions for improvement of environmental governance were put forward.