日本居酒屋的温和文化：“暖”

The General Culture of Japanese Izakaya: “Warmth”

摘要: 居酒屋是日本社会文化的缩影，也是来访日本的海外游客体验日本社会文化的窗口。笔者认为居酒屋深受日本国民及游客的喜爱，人气居高不下的原因在于居酒屋的温和文化。本文从居酒屋历史传承中的“暖”、居酒屋的房屋建筑与室内环境设计、居酒屋料理、居酒屋敬语使用的“欠落”及居酒屋的“空间伸缩”等5方面深入探讨了居酒屋的温和文化“暖”。也正因为居酒屋对传统文化及和室文化的继承与发展，贴近家庭生活的料理，不同于其它服务行业的别具一格的语言使用、宽松融洽的氛围让日本国民深深感受到了不同于日常忙碌状态的“暖”。

Abstract: The epitome of Japanese social culture in Izakaya is also a window for Japanese tourists visiting Japan to experience Japanese social culture. The author believes that the izakaya is popular among Japanese nationals and tourists, and the reason for its high popularity is the gentle culture of the izakaya. This article explores the moderate culture of the izakaya from the “warmth” in the history of the izakaya, the building of the izakaya and the design of the interior environment, the izakaya cuisine, the “underage” used by the shochu house, and the “space expansion” of the izakaya. It is also because of the inheritance and development of the traditional culture and the chamber culture of the izakaya, which is close to the family life. Different from other service industries, the unique language use and relaxed atmosphere make the Japanese people feel deeply different from warmth in the daily busy state.