2008~2017年间乌鲁木齐市的气候变化状况

Climate Change in Urumqi from 2008 to 2017

摘要: 近年来，随着全球经济与人类社会的发展，温室效应日益严重，引起气候变化、全球变暖等一系列效应，对人类环境、经济、气候等均产生严重影响。根据中国统计年鉴数据，对乌鲁木齐市2008~2017这十年的气温、降水和平均相对湿度进行统计分析，研究其气候变化趋势。结果表明，近十年来，乌鲁木齐市年平均气温呈波动上升的趋势，气温年较差较大，平均年较差约37℃；最冷月与最热月气温相差很大，7月气温最高，1月气温最低，差值为36.9℃；年极高温与年极低温之差平均在60.6℃左右；年降水量自2008年后显著增加，降水量主要集中在4月，而1月的降水量最少，年降水量相差较大，2015年降水量最多，为408.9 mm，2008年降水量最少，为171.8 mm，降水幅度差为237.1 mm，年降水量有上升的趋势；年平均相对湿度缓慢上升。乌鲁木齐市的气候特征是冬季寒冷湿润，夏季炎热，蒸发量大，夏、秋季干燥，年温差较大，其气候有朝温暖湿润发展的趋势。

Abstract: In recent years, with the development of global economy and the improvement of human living standard, the greenhouse effect is becoming more and more serious, causing a battery of effects such as climate change and global warming, which have a severe impact on human environment, economy, and climate and so on. According to the statistical yearbook of China, the temperature, precipitation and average relative humidity of Urumqi during 2008-2017 were analyzed, the cli-mate change trend was studied. The results show that in recent ten years, the average annual temperature fluctuates and rises in Urumqi, the annual temperature range is large, and the aver-age annual difference is about 37˚C. The temperature difference between the coldest and the hot-test months is big, the highest temperature is in July and the lowest temperature in January, the difference value is 36˚C. The difference between annual extremely high temperature and annual extremely low temperature is about 60.6˚C. Average annual precipitation has increased signifi-cantly since 2008, the precipitation mainly concentrates on April, the minimum precipitation is in January, and annual precipitation varies greatly. In 2015, the precipitation is the most, 408.9 mm. In 2008, the precipitation is the least, 171.8 mm, the difference of precipitation amplitude is 237.1 mm, annual average precipitation has a tendency to rise, the annual average relative humidity in-creases slowly. The climate characteristics of Urumqi are cold and wet winter and hot summer, evaporation is big, summer and autumn are dry, the climate tends to be warmer and wetter.