“行政滥诉”之辩：投诉行为异化及其规制——兼论保护规范理论在我国的司法适用

Debate on “Administrative Abuse”: Alienation of Complaint Behavior and Its Regulation Path—On the Judicial Application of Protection Norm Theory in China

摘要: 随着投诉机制在行政管理领域的不断扩展，投诉行为呈现出异化趋向：一般民事纠纷本应通过民事法律途径解决，但大量当事人通过投诉机制启用公共行政资源为个人私益服务，甚至利用“迂回式”的诉讼战略对行政机关提起履责之诉，利用司法审查对行政机关施压以满足一己之私，致使行政司法资源在维护个人利益和公共利益之间严重失衡。行政投诉行为的异化而产生的权利救济不甚合理，背离了投诉机制正当行使的本旨，导致行政诉权的滥用。本文以投诉行为异化为切入点，通过阐述和分析司法实践中援引保护规范理论规制滥诉的利弊，以期对投诉类案件滥诉问题提出一些行之有效的法律规制路径。

Abstract: With the complaint mechanism is expanding in the field of administrative management, complaint behavior presents the tendency of alienation: general civil disputes should be resolved through civil legal channels, but a lot of parties by complaints mechanism to enable public administrative resources for personal interests, services, and even using the “detour” litigation strategy for fulfillment of administrative organs filed suit, putting pressure on use of judicial review of administrative organs to meet personally, the administrative judicial resources in the serious imbalance between personal interests and public interests. The alienation of administrative complaints leads to unreasonable relief of the rights, which deviates from the proper exercise of the complaint mechanism and leads to the abuse of administrative litigation rights. Taking the alienation of complaint behavior as the starting point, this paper expounds and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of invoking the protection norm theory to regulate the abuse of complaint in judicial practice, so as to put forward some effective legal regulation approaches for the abuse of complaint cases.