量子力学中的波函数与新概念物质波

Wave Functions in Quantum Mechanics and the New Concept of Matter Waves

摘要: 由于实验证明哥本哈根关于“波函数不代表真实的物质波而是主观意义上的概率波”的观点是错误的，波函数描述的物质波具有客观性，因而为揭示客观存在的物质波的存在形式及属性，本文从德布罗意引导波概念出发，通过与爱因斯坦的光量子理论的类比，提出任何一列客观存在的物质波的能量都是量子化的、与之相伴随的粒子是其量子化的能量的假设，并在此基础上通过对物质波存在形式的分析发现任何一列物质波都是虚波，从而新概念物质波必须且只能用量子力学中的波函数进行描述。后经分析推理获得以下结论：任何粒子的物质波都遵循物质波的叠加原理；量子力学中的薛定谔方程等均可从物质波概念出发得以建立；波函数的统计解释可借助物质波概念得以理解，薛定谔猫悖论及EPR悖论(或量子纠缠)也可以在新的物质波概念基础上得以解决；量子力学中的测不准关系可以借助物质波概念进行诠释；物质波概念具有可证伪性，其存在已获有关物理学实验的证实，因而是科学的概念。

Abstract: Because the experiment proves that the Copenhagen about “wave function does not represent the real matter waves but subjective in the sense of probability wave” point of view is wrong, the wave function is objective in description of matter waves, thus to reveal the form of the objective exist-ence of matter waves and properties, this article embarks from the concept of DE Broglie wave guide, by analogy with Einstein’s theory of light quantum theory, puts forward that any column objective existence of matter wave energy is quantized, the particle is accompanied with the as-sumption, the quantized energy existing in the matter waves on the basis of analysis found that any column in the form of matter waves are waves, thus the new concept of wave of matter must and can only be described by wave functions in quantum mechanics. After analyzing and reasoning, the following conclusions are obtained: the matter wave of any particle follows the superposition principle of matter wave; Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics can be established from the concept of matter wave. The statistical interpretation of wave function can be understood by means of the concept of matter wave, and Schrodinger’s cat paradox and EPR paradox (or quantum entanglement) can also be solved on the basis of the new concept of matter wave. The uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics can be explained by the concept of matter wave. The concept of matter wave is falsifiable, and its existence has been verified by physical experiments, so it is a scientific concept.