美国开端计划项目的发展、特点与启示

The Development, Characteristics and Enlightenment of American Head Start Project

摘要: 开端计划项目是美国联邦政府以“处境不利儿童及家庭”作为资助对象的学前教育扶贫项目，该项目的主要特点包括：资助对象明确、服务内容丰富；协调各方力量形成教育合力；坚持教育公平与教育质量相统一；注重项目的协调与衔接。鉴于我国学前教育发展现状，有必要借鉴美国开端计划项目的成功经验，重视学前教育补偿，将学前教育纳入义务教育体系；有效调动政府、家庭、社区等力量，充分利用各种资源；建立绩效评价制度，加强对服务机构质量的监管；提高教师队伍质量，健全培养培训机制，更好地促进我国学前教育事业的发展。

Abstract: The Head Start project is a pre-school education poverty alleviation project for the US federal government that takes “disadvantaged children and families” as funding objects. The main cha-racteristics of the project include: clear funding objects and rich service content; coordinating the strengths of all parties to form a synergy in education; insisting on the unification of fair education and the quality of education; and focusing on the coordination and connection of projects. In view of the current situation of the development of preschool education in China, it is necessary to learn from the successful experience of the US Head Start project, attach importance to preschool edu-cation compensation, and incorporate preschool education into the compulsory education system; effectively mobilize the government, family, community and other forces to make full use of various resources; establish performance evaluation system to strengthen the supervision of the quality of service institutions; improve the quality of teachers, improve the training mechanism, and better promote the development of China’s preschool education.