基于正负磁极子相互作用的统一相位场论与实验数据分析Unified Phase Field Theory Based on the Interactions between Positive and Negative Magnetic Poles and Experimental Data Analysis

DOI: 10.12677/MP.2020.104007, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 195  浏览: 607

Abstract: In the past hundred years, many physicists conducted extensive and in-depth research on “Einstein’s field equation”, “Quantum field theory”, “V-A” theory, “Gauge field theory”, “Quantum electrodynamics”, “Quantum chromodynamics”, “Standard models” and “String theory”, and provided academic ideas and experimental data for studying the unification of four fundamental forces in nature. This paper proposes a hypothesis that the elementary particles is the magnetic quantum field composed of the interactions between positive and negative magnetic poles, and attempts to discuss the unified phase field theory based on the interactions between positive and negative magnetic poles, and establishes the curvature tensor equation of unified phase field, and tests theory and curvature tensor equation of unified phase field with relevant experimental data, and thus really achieves the unification of electromagnetic force, strong force, weak force and gravitational force. The gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong force and weak force are all produced from the interactions of positive and negative magnetic poles, which are the four kinds of forms of the interactions between positive and negative magnetic poles. The cohesive force of elementary particle’s magnetic poles field (Gravitational field) to its magnetic poles is the gravitational force. The spin force of elementary particle’s magnetic poles field in external field (Gravitational field) is the electromagnetic force. The binding force of positive magnetic poles ring coaxial spin in neutron and proton is the strong force. The decline of neutron’s outer positive magnetic poles ring is the weak force.

1. 引言

1923年，爱因斯坦 [1] 在推广相对论的过程中，开始研究引力与电磁力的统一理论。1927年，狄拉克 [2] 运用光子的简单振动系统描述电磁场量子化，认为光子是电磁相互作用的媒介子。1931年狄拉克 [3] 提出磁单极假设。1934年，费米 [4] 建立四费米子相互作用的β衰变理论，提出弱相互作用。1954年，杨振宁和米尔斯 [5] 提出Yang-Mills规范场理论，经过许多物理学家研究，发展为现代规范场理论，即运用中间玻色子描述弱相互作用与强相互作用。1957年，施温格 [6] 预言中间玻色子 ${W}_{+}$${W}_{-}$ 和光子一样起媒介子作用，直接将弱相互作用与电磁相互作用统一起来。经过格拉肖、温伯格、萨拉姆的进一步研究，1967年，温伯格 [7]，依据严格的规范对称性但自发破缺的思想描述了弱相互作用和电磁相互作用的统一。1983年，欧洲核子研究中心 [8] 找到中间玻色子W和Z。1973年，格罗斯等人 [9] 论述了在 $SU\left(3\right)$ 色规范群下强相互作用非阿贝尔规范场论，认为相互作用的媒介子是无质量的胶子，发现 $\beta$ 函数值为负，并且发现在这一规范场中强子具有渐近自由性质。1979年，德国汉堡贝特拉高能正负电子对撞发现三喷注现象 [10]，显示胶子的存在，为量子色动力学提供了依据。经过格拉肖等物理学家的努力，建立了解释电磁相互作用、强相互作用和弱相互作用的标准模型理论。1968年G. Veneziano [11] 提出强子散射公式，之后，Y. Nambu [12]、L. Susskin等人将其发展为“弦理论”。经过P. Ramond [13]、A. Neveu and J. H. Schwarz [14] 的研究，发展为“超弦理论”。“超弦理论”试图论述自然界四种基本力的统一。

2. 基于正负磁极子相互作用的磁量子场假设

(a)电子的正性磁极子环驱动电子的负性磁极子场在外场中自旋，形成符合右手定则的电磁场。(b)中子是由质子与电子构成的复合粒子，质子正性磁极子环嵌套于电子正性磁极子环之中。(c)氢原子核由中子与质子的正性磁极子环成轴叠加而成。(d)基本粒子的磁极子场由核心场与梯度场构成

Figure 1. The interactions of positive and negative magnetic poles in elementary particle and its density distribution

$m=\frac{1}{\frac{4}{3}\pi {\left(\alpha \lambda /2\pi \right)}^{3}}{h}_{m}=\frac{6{\pi }^{2}}{{\alpha }^{3}{\lambda }^{3}}{h}_{m}$(1)

${m}_{m}=m/\sqrt{1-\left({v}^{2}/{c}^{2}\right)}-m$(2)

$\begin{array}{c}M=e{\int }_{i=1}^{i=\alpha }\left(\left(m+{m}_{m}\right)/e\right)\left({\left(i+\delta \right)}^{3}-{i}^{3}\right)\text{d}V\\ =\left(m+{m}_{m}\right){\int }_{i=1}^{i=\alpha }\left({\left(i+\delta \right)}^{3}-{i}^{3}\right)\text{d}V\end{array}$(3)

$E=r\frac{1}{2}\left(m+{m}_{m}\right){v}^{2}={m}_{m}{c}^{2}$(4)

$p=\left(m+{m}_{m}\right)v$(5)

3. 基于正负磁极子相互作用的统一相位场论

“相位场”也称为“规范场”。杨振宁曾提出，局部规范场的难点是相位问题，“规范场”可重新命名为“相位场”。所谓统一相位场论，是指基于相对论的粒子磁量子场在相互作用过程中，其微分几何变量与物理变量协变，实现引力、电磁力、强力和弱力的统一的理论。

${A}_{\phi }=\frac{\lambda }{2\pi \alpha }$(6)

(a)原子核自旋带动整个梯度磁量子场自旋，从而带动电子在电子轨道上运动。(b)电子和原子都有自旋相位场，一定的相位场有一定的半径。(c)在电子自旋相位场与原子自旋相位场相互作用中，电子内三角形DEO' (图2(b))的对边与原子内三角形HOF (图2(b))的对边重合，构成等腰三角形HOE (图2(c))

Figure 2. The spin phase field of electrons, atomic and their interactions

${\phi }_{uv}={g}^{uv}\left(\partial {q}_{uv}/q\right)$(7)

${\varphi }_{uv}={R}_{uv}-\frac{1}{2}{\phi }_{uv}R=\frac{r}{{f}_{uv}{r}_{F}^{2}}{T}_{uv}=\frac{r}{{p}_{uv}{r}_{F}^{2}}{M}_{uv}$(8)

4. 关于引力、电磁力、强力和弱力的统一

$F=\sqrt{G\left({m}_{1}+{m}_{1m}\right)\left({m}_{2}+{m}_{2m}\right)/{r}^{2}}$(9)

1915年，爱因斯坦 [26] 提出基于广义相对论的引力场方程， ${G}_{\mu \nu }={R}_{\mu \nu }-\frac{1}{2}{g}_{\mu \nu }R=\frac{8\pi G}{{c}^{4}}{T}_{\mu \nu }$。式中 ${G}_{\mu \nu }$

5. 实验数据检验

Table 1. The data table of electronic mass m, velocity v, energy E, momentum p and gravitation F of the hydrogen atom Ballmer line system

Table 2. The data table of the gravitational field radius r F , the phase field curvature tensor ϕ u v , Ricci phase curvature tensor R u v , the phase difference φ u v , and the Ricci curvature scalar R in the hydrogen atom Balmer line series

Table 3. The data table of the electronic radius r , the electronic momentum tensor p u v , the electronic gravitational tensor f u v , the electronic momentum curvature tensor M u v , the electronic gravitational curvature tensor F u v and the nucleus’s gravitational field momentum tensor T u v in the hydrogen atom Balmer line series

Table 4. The data table of neutron mass m, velocity v, energy E, momentum p and gravitation F during atomic nucleus fission

Table 5. The data table of the gravitational field radius r F , the phase field curvature tensor ϕ u v , Ricci phase curvature tensor R u v , the phase difference φ u v , and the Ricci curvature scalar R during atomic nucleus fission

Table 6. The data table of the neutron radius r , the neutron momentum tensor p u v , the neutron gravitational tensor f u v , the neutron momentum curvature tensor M u v , the neutron gravitational curvature tensor F u v and the proton’s gravitational field momentum tensor T u v during atomic nucleus fission

$\beta$ 衰变数据检验。在 $\beta$ 衰变过程中，中子外层电子的正性磁极子环裂变为两个正性磁极子环，一个生成电子，另一个生成中微子，同时产生一个质子(中子内的质子)。或者说， $\beta$ 衰变发生时，中子外层电子辐射一个中微子。以中微子质量为1 eV，运用本文相关公式，可计算 $\beta$ 衰变时中子内层质子与外层电子相互作用统一相位场曲率张量方程中相关变量的数据(见表7~9)。

Table 7. The data table of electronic mass m, velocity v, energy E, momentum p and gravitation F during β decay

Table 8. The data table of the gravitational field radius r F , the phase field curvature tensor ϕ u v , Ricci phase curvature tensor R u v , the phase difference φ u v , and the Ricci curvature scalar R during β decay

Table 9. The data table of the electronic radius r , the electronic momentum tensor p u v , the electronic gravitational tensor f u v , the electronic momentum curvature tensor M u v , the electronic gravitational curvature tensor F u v and the proton’s gravitational field momentum tensor T u v during β decay

6. 结论