寿光市农作物种植结构时空变化及其水土资源利用效应

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Cropping Patterns in Shouguang City and Its Effects on Water and Soil Resources Consumption

摘要: 探究乡镇尺度农作物种植结构时空变化对推进我国农业供给侧结构性改革至关重要。本文以山东省寿光市所辖14个镇与街道为研究区，开展我国典型乡镇作物种植结构变化及其水土资源效应分析。研究发现，2006~2016年，寿光市农作物种植类型始终为单一蔬菜型，而其所辖镇(街道)种植类型差异显著。其中，位于寿光中部的5个镇(街道)种植结构类型以小麦–玉米复合型为主；寿光南部的6个镇(街道)种植类型为单一蔬菜型；位于寿光最北端及小清河入海口的羊口镇种植结构，由单一棉花型调整为玉米–棉花复合型；洛城街道种植结构变化最为显著，具有5种种植类型，最终调整为单一蔬菜型；以2006年种植结构为参照情景，寿光市种植结构调整加剧了其水土资源紧缺压力，而结构调整的水土效应在不同镇(街道)表现具有差异性。该研究为水土资源刚性制约下我国乡镇种植结构调整和农业可持续发展提供更为精细化的科学支撑。

Abstract: Exploring the spatio-temporal changes of cropping patterns at township scale is crucial to advance China’s agricultural supply-side structural reform. In this paper, 14 towns and sub-districts under the jurisdiction of Shouguang City, Shandong Province, are used as the research area to analyze the changes in cropping patterns and the effects of water and soil resources consumption. The study found that from 2006 to 2016, Shouguang City’s cropping pattern was always a single vegetable type, while the cropping patterns of its townships were significantly different. Among them, the five townships located in the middle of Shouguang City were mainly composed of wheat-corn compound type; the six townships in the south were single vegetable type; and Yangkou Town, located at the northernmost part of Shouguang and the mouth of Xiaoqing River to Bo Hai, was adjusted from a single cotton to a corn-cotton compound type. The changes of Luocheng Street’s cropping patterns were the most significant, with five cropping types, which were finally adjusted to a single vegetable type. Taking the cropping pattern in 2006 as a basic scenario, the adjustment of the cropping pattern in Shouguang City had aggravated the pressure on the shortage of water and soil resources, and the effects of water and soil resource consumption on the cropping pattern adjustment in the 14 townships were different. This study provides more refined scientific support for the cropping pattern adjustment and sustainable agricultural development in China’s townships under rigid constraints of water and soil resources.