南海岛屿周边浮游植物中的活性物质资源

The Resources of Bioactive Substances from Phytoplankton around the South China Sea Islands

摘要: 利用光学显微镜分别对海南岛新村和上川岛附近的水样进行浮游植物种类组成的基本情况分析，对所鉴定的浮游植物种属进行次级代谢产物文献检索，为进行这些资源的食用或药用价值开发利用奠定基础。结果显示：海南岛新村共发现浮游植物47种，其中2018年11月35种，2019年2月21种，两个季节浮游植物种类既有交叉又有演替；2019年05月上川岛距离岸边从远及近“V”型采样点的浮游植物呈现明显的人类生活影响趋势。三个航次共鉴定浮游植物57种，覆盖硅藻门、黄藻门、甲藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门、裸藻门，文献检索显示其代谢产物丰富多样，包含糖苷类、萜类、脂肪酸类、生物碱类、大环内酯类、类胡萝卜素类、肽类、甾醇类。总体来说，海南岛新村和上川岛浮游植物组成均匀度较低，丰富度较高；硅藻门种类数最多，其次是甲藻门，其代谢产物丰富多样，具有筛选发现活性天然产物的潜力，同时为南海岛屿周边浮游植物调查研究提供基础数据。

Abstract: In order to lay a foundation for the development and utilization of medicinal valuable phytoplankton, the phytoplankton species identification of water samples from Xincun of Hainan Island and Shangchuan Island is analyzed using optical microscope, and the reported secondary metabolite types of these identified phytoplankton were summarized by literature retrieval. The result showed a total of 47 species in Xincun samples, including 35 species in November 2018 and 21 species in February 2019. There are both cross and succession in phytoplankton species in these two seasons. “V” type of sampling points was set along the Shangchuan Island in May 2019. The phytoplankton showed obvious impact by humans from near too far. A total of 57 species, belonging to bacillariophyta, xanthophyta, pyrrhophyta, cyanophyta, chrysophyte, and euglenophyta, were identified in three voyages. Their secondary metabolites were various by literature, including glucosides, terpenoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, macrolides, carotenoids, peptides, sterols and so on. In summary, phytoplankton near the two islands has lower uniformity and higher species abundance. Most of them belong to bacillariophyta and followed by pyrrhophyta. The secondary metabolites of phytoplankton were various, and have the potential of screening and finding of bioactive natural products. At the same time, it can provide the basic data for phytoplankton investigation in the South China Sea.