基于广义互补理论的青藏高原蒸散时空变化特征

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Evapotranspiration over the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Based on the Principle of Generalized Complementarity

摘要: 为深入了解青藏高原蒸散发时空变化特征，基于1982~2011年青藏高原62个气象站点逐日观测资料，运用广义互补相关原理模型，分析青藏高原实际蒸散发量(ET)的时空分布特征。结果表明：1) 广义互补相关原理理论模型适用于青藏高原，且实际蒸散量估算精度较高。2) 青藏高原地区的多年平均蒸散量在空间上差异明显，呈现东高西低、南高北低的格局，其南部的雅鲁藏布江及其支流流经的谷地和东部的横断山脉的高山深谷地区的实际蒸散最大，最大值为1412.61 mm/年，藏北高原和巴颜克拉山以北的实际蒸散量最小，最小值为748.81 mm/年。3) 青藏高原实际蒸散量存在年及季节变化，实际蒸散量夏季最大，随后依次是春季、秋季、冬季。全年除冬季外都表现出明显的上升趋势，尤其秋季变化最为明显。4) 在长期变化趋势上，青藏高原三十年来实际蒸散量随时间在增加，增加速度是0.02 mm/a。5) 青藏高原实际蒸散量与温度的关系密切，受到温度影响较大，蒸散量随平均风速的增加而减少，相对湿度和日照常数对实际蒸散量成正相关，但相关程度较温度低。

Abstract: In order to further understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of evapotranspiration over the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, based on the daily observation data of 62 meteorological stations over the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2011, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the actual evapotranspiration over the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are analyzed by using the generalized complementary correlation principle model. The results show that: 1) The generalized complementary correlation theory model is suitable for the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration estimation is high. 2) The annual average evapotranspiration of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is obviously different in space, showing a pattern of high in the east, low in the west, high in the south and low in the north. The actual evapotranspiration of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries in the south and the high mountains and deep valleys of the Hengduan Mountains in the east is the largest, with the maximum value of 1412.61 mm/year. The actual evapotranspiration of the North Tibet Plateau and the north of bayankla mountain is the smallest and the most. The small value is 748.81 mm/year. 3) The actual evapotranspiration of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau changes in the time of year, month and season. The actual evapotranspiration is the largest in summer, followed by spring, autumn and winter, and shows an obvious upward trend in the whole year except winter, especially in autumn. 4) Over the past 30 years, the actual evapotranspiration of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has been increasing with time at a rate of 0.02 mm/a. 5) There is a close relationship between the actual evapotranspiration and temperature in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is greatly affected by temperature. It decreases with the increase of average wind speed. The influence of relative humidity and sunshine constant on the actual evapotranspiration is positive, but the degree of influence is less than that of temperature.