我国农业可持续发展面临的挑战

Challenges of the Sustainable Development of Agriculture in China

摘要: 农业在推动人类文明进步的过程中起到了至关重要的作用。作为一个典型的大陆文明国家，我国的农耕文化历史绵长，几乎所有王朝都将农业放在极其重要的地位，为了发展农业甚至长期推行重农抑商政策。新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，快速发展的城市化和工业化持续将大量农村劳动人口吸引到城镇的这一历史进程必将从根本上改变我国的农业发展面貌，具有鲜明时代特征的农业生产也必然迈入新的发展阶段。当前，我国农业发展处在机遇与挑战并存的关键时期，主要表现为：科技进步与国民经济的发展为我国农业产业升级提供了保障；而工业化、深度融入全球化以及市场经济改革的深远影响又在一定程度上为农业可持续性发展带来了巨大挑战。文章详细分析了新时期我国农业由大到强需要克服的诸多挑战，在此基础上对我国实现农业现代化的道路进行了初步探索。

Abstract: Agriculture played a very important role in promoting the progress of human civilization. As a typical continental civilized country, cultivation culture has a long history in China, and almost all dynasties in history have placed agriculture in an extremely important position. In order to develop agriculture, they have even implemented a policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the historical process of rapid urbanization and industrialization continued to attract a large number of rural laborers to cities and towns would definitely change the agricultural development model in China. Agricultural development with distinctive characteristics of the times will inevitably enter a new stage. At present, the development of agricultural in China is in a critical period of coexistence of opportunities and challenges, which are mainly manifested in: scientific and technological progress and the development of the national economy provide a guarantee for the upgrade of agriculture; the profound impacts of industrialization, globalization and market economic reform, to a certain extent, have brought great challenges to the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper focuses on analyzing the challenges that we need to overcome during the process of making agriculture from big to strong, and on this basis, conducts a preliminary exploration of ag-ricultural modernization in China.