无机非碳质纳米线宏观自组装研究进展

Recent Advances in the Macroscopic Self-Assembly of Inorganic Non-Carbon Nanowires

摘要: 自组装化学是国际科学界的研究热点。通过纳米宏观自组装研究不仅可以创制新颖多功能宏观纳米材料，而且对揭示生命现象奥秘具有重要意义。无机非碳质纳米线普遍具有易于合成加工、大长径比、优异热稳定性和化学稳定性、并且功能丰富可调等特点，是环境修复、能量储存与转化、纳米电子学、生命健康等领域的热点材料。利用宏观自组装技术，可以把无机纳米线加工成二维宏观纳米膜、三维宏观纳米组装体等结构新颖的功能材料，既能显著改善传统纳米粉体的使用性能，推进其实际应用进程，又能衍生出众多新颖的结构特点和新功能，拓展其应用领域。本文综述了无机非碳质纳米线的在二维平面空间和三维立体空间中的宏观自组装方法、结构和性能，并总结纳米单元宏观自组装领域的主要挑战和发展前景。

Abstract: Self-assembly chemistry is recognized to be the research hotspot of global scientific community. Macroscopic self-assembly of nano-units not only can create novel and multifunctional materials, but also has important significance for understanding of the phenomena of life. Inorganic nanowires generally exhibit easy synthesis and processing, large aspect ratio, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and adjustable multifunction features, which is the fundamental material for various fields, including environmental remediation, energy storage and transformation, nanoelectronics, life and health. Using macroscopic self-assembly technology, inorganic nanowires can be processed into macroscopic nanofilms, macroscopic nanofoams and other novel structured functional materials, which not only can significantly improve the performance of traditional nano powders and promote their practical application process, but also derive many novel structural features and new functions to expand their application fields. This article has reviewed the macroscopic self-assembly methods, structure and performance of inorganic non-carbonnanowires in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, and summarized the main challenges and development prospects in the macroscopic self-assembly field.