不同类型的认知控制任务中走神的眼动证据

Eye-Movement Evidences in Different Types of Cognitive Control Task

摘要: 认知控制是指个体根据目标和计划对任务无关信息及相应加工活动加以抑制的能力，这种过程能够保证符合目的或计划的任务相关信息得到顺利的加工，有效抑制无关信息。走神又称为心智游移(mind wandering，简称WM)，是指一种注意意识的流失(或叫做注意的解耦合)。本研究通过两种不同类型的认知控制任务(Simon任务、Flanker任务)，在眼动范式下，分析插入探针前1个试次的行为指标和眼动指标，探究两种类型认知控制任务中走神的特点及分析其过程。结果发现，Flanker任务所用的反应时显著高于Simon任务，且Flanker任务无意图走神频率也显著高于Simon任务；Simon任务内，探针报告为无走神和有意图走神在总注视时间上差异显著，而Flanker任务内差异不显著。最后，实验可得以下2个结论：1) 本研究条件下，Simon任务中，个体在有意图走神时，会比未走神时的总注视时间更长；2)箭头Flanker任务难度高于汉字Simon任务，故较为困难的Flanker任务中个体不论报告为无走神、还是无意图走神，其任务过程中不同注视点的注视时间分布，较Simon任务更为离散。由此说明，任务难度会对眼动指标造成影响。本研究第一次将眼动与源于认知控制的走神相结合，为走神和认知控制的研究提供了客观的眼动证据，为后续研究提供了参考价值。

Abstract: Cognitive control refers to the ability of individuals to suppress task-unrelated information and corresponding processing activities according to goals and plans. This process can ensure that task-related information that conforms to goals or plans can be smoothly processed and irrelevant information can be effectively suppressed. Mindwandering, also known as mind wandering (WM), refers to the loss of consciousness of attention (or decoupling of attention). Across two different types of cognitive control tasks (Simon task, Flanker task), under the eye movement patterns, this study analyzes behavior indexes and eye-movement indexes in trials before or after inserted probes, to explore the characteristics and analyze the processes in mind wandering of different types of cognitive control task. It was found that the response time of the Flanker task was significantly higher than that of Simon task, and the frequency of mind wandering in Flanker task was significantly higher than that of Simon task. Finally, two conclusions can be drawn: 1) under the condition of this study, in Simon’s task, the individuals will have a longer gaze time in which they have no attention to wander than non-MW; 2) the arrow Flanker task is more difficult than the Chinese character Simon task. Therefore, in the more difficult Flanker task, the individuals reported no mind-wandering or no intention mind-wandering, the fixation time distribution of different gaze points during the task was more discrete than that of the Simon task. This indicates that the difficulty of the task has an impact on the eye movement index. This study, for the first time, combines eye movement with mind-wandering, which is derived from cognitive control, and provides objective evidence for the study of mind-wandering and cognitive control, which provides reference value for subsequent research.