血小板、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对COPD患者的预后价值
Prognostic Value of the Ratio of Platelets, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes in Patients with COPD
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2021.118531, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 251  浏览: 343 
作者: 潘 登*, 赵连波#:安徽省蒙城县第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,安徽 亳州
关键词: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值血小板与淋巴细胞比值Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Ratio Platelet and Lymphocyte Ratio
摘要: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是全球第三大死亡原因,有很多COPD病人会出现病情恶化。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio, NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelets and lymphocytes ratio, PLR)是COPD急性加重(AECOPD)的新生标志物,与COPD患者90天死亡率增加有关。
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and many patients with COPD experience exacerbations. The neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio (NLR), and platelets and lymphocytes ratio (PLR) are neonatal markers of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), which is associated with an increased 90-day mortality in patients with COPD.
文章引用:潘登, 赵连波. 血小板、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对COPD患者的预后价值[J]. 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(8): 3627-3631. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2021.118531

1. 引言

NLR、PLR是COPD急性加重(AECOPD)的新生标志物,与COPD患者90天死亡率增加有关 [1] [2]。NLR和PLR在稳定期COPD患者中会升高,并在COPD加重期间进一步升高,这可以预测COPD患者院内死亡率。NLR和PLR是炎症标志物,若其升高,则表明患者的呼吸道症状加重,临床医生就有必要调整治疗方案 [3]。血小板增多可导致AECOPD患者住院率和1年死亡率的增加。较高的PLR与COPD患者90天死亡率增加相关。此外,有研究表明NLR是亚临床炎症标志物,NLR高的COPD患者出现加重的风险更大,需要住院治疗 [4]。

2. COPD

全球约3亿人遭受着COPD疾病的困扰。吸烟是引起COPD的主要原因,但不是唯一原因。家庭空气污染影响全球近30亿人,是COPD发病的一个主要危险因素。据估计,COPD总负担的14%可归因于职业暴露,农村人口患COPD的风险高于城市居民 [5]。

COPD以持续性的呼吸症状和进行性气流阻塞为特征。诊断COPD需要吸入支气管扩张剂后FEV1/FVC比值小于0.70。吸入疗法是治疗的支柱,应辅之以多方面的管理策略,包括戒烟咨询和药物治疗、肺康复等 [6]。政府可以通过降低吸烟率来帮助预防慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD);例如,通过限制烟草销售,提高烟草价格,减少尼古丁含量,并禁止在公共场所和工作场所吸烟。总的来说,戒烟,尤其是COPD患者的戒烟,可以通过特定的计划来实现,包括行为改变和使用尼古丁替代疗法等。预防和/或减缓COPD疾病的进展可通过预防职业暴露实现;减少烹饪和取暖产生的污染物;使用更好的炉灶和烟囱以及替代能源;以及进行流感和肺炎球菌疫苗的接种 [7]。

3. AECOPD

AECOPD的特征是呼吸系统症状恶化,需要额外治疗。它可以分为如下几种情况,温和的:仅用短效支气管扩张剂(SABAs)治疗;中度的:使用SABAs加抗生素和/或口服皮质类固醇治疗;严重的无呼吸衰竭:呼吸频率20~30次/分钟,不使用呼吸辅助肌或改变精神状态;在不增加二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)的情况下,吸氧可改善低氧血症。非危及生命的急性呼吸衰竭:呼吸频率大于30次/分钟,使用呼吸辅助肌,精神状态没有改变,吸氧可改善低氧血症,PaCO2较基线升高或高达50~60 mmHg,危及生命的急性呼吸衰竭:呼吸频率大于30次/分钟;使用呼吸辅助肌;精神状态的剧烈变化;吸氧不能改善低氧血症;PaCO2较基线升高或增加大于60 mmHg或存在酸中毒 [8]。

4. NLR、PLR与COPD、AECOPD的关系

AECOPD期间,NLR和PLR增加,可作为COPD患者炎症和预后的标志 [9]。Yao等人在对303例COPD患者的研究中发现,NLR和PLR的平均水平在急性加重期间升高(分别为7.92和207.21),它们的水平随着急性加重的严重程度的增加而显著升高,此外,Yao等人还发现,在医院死亡的患者中NLR和PLR明显高于存活的COPD患者 [10]。Kurtipek等人还发现,94例COPD患者的平均NLR和PLR在稳定状态下增加(2.75 ± 1.11和137.39 ± 65.42),在COPD加重期增加更明显(7.99 ± 5.72和231.18 ± 141.36) [11]。此外,Shah和Mishra等人得出结论,NLR是AECOPD的一个强有力的生物标志物,可以作为患者是否需要住院的指标 [12]。在另一项研究中,NLR和PLR被用来预测COPD病情加重的严重程度,如果NLR为3.5~4.0,需进行门诊随访;如果是6.5~7.0,建议住院;如果是13.0~14.0,应转入ICU入院 [13]。Tulgar等人还发现,与不吸烟者相比,吸烟者的NLR显著增加(2.14 ± 0.19 vs 1.66 ± 0.6, p = 0.001),吸烟是COPD发病机制之一,吸烟减少则肺部炎症就会相应减少 [14]。Duyar和他的同事研究了NLR、PLR与稳定期COPD患者病情严重程度之间的关系,包括疾病分期、气流阻塞、mMRC呼吸困难量表和加重频率。他们发现,严重气道阻塞(FEV1小于50%)的男性患者PLR升高。因此,在病情稳定的患者中,PLR可以识别出COPD患者加重的风险 [15]。

此外,Günay等人评估了NLR在COPD患者中的作用,并将其与其他炎症生物标志物进行了比较。从269名COPD患者中,他们确定稳定期COPD的NLR明显高于对照组。在急性加重期,NLR与稳定状态相比有进一步的增加 [16]。Paliogiannis等人得出结论,NLR在COPD患者预测加重和死亡率中具有重要作用 [17]。此外,Taylan等人的研究表明,NLR与CRP在对评估AECOPD炎症时一样有帮助 [18]。Babaoğlu等人发现,NLR在AECOPD死亡的患者中显著升高(p = 0.009),并建议将其作为医院的预后指标 [19]。Rahimira等人研究了315例AECOPD患者,ROC曲线分析发现NLR的AUC最高,为0.717,敏感性87%,特异性40% [20]。Xiong等人的研究表明NLR升高可能与COPD患者的死亡率有关。因此,NLR在COPD中具有作为住院、炎症评估和死亡率指标的作用 [21]。Yasar等人发现NLR与FEV1呈负相关,而与呼吸困难评分呈正相关 [22]。Qiao等人得出结论,NLR与气流限制呈显著相反的关系,NLR较高的患者在过去的随访和未来1年中容易频繁恶化 [23]。Lee等研究了61例稳定期COPD患者和59例AECOPD患者,发现NLR与BMI、呼吸困难、气道阻塞水平、BODE指数、6分钟步行试验、运动耐量和mMRC评分显著相关 [24]。在Kalemci等人进行的一项回顾性研究中,基于从153名COPD患者收集的数据,研究显示血小板分布宽度(PDW)和PLR的显著增加与COPD的严重程度有关 [25]。

5. 结论

从本研究中得出结论:NLR和PLR在稳定期COPD患者中会升高,并在加重期间会进一步升高,还可以预测COPD患者的院内死亡率。我们可以进一步研究NLR和PLR在COPD患者治疗过程中的作用。

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