济南遥墙机场大风天气特征分析

Analysis of Strong Wind Weather Characteristics at Yaoqiang Airport in Jinan

摘要: 利用济南遥墙机场2000~2020年21a地面24小时观测资料，采用常规气象统计方法，对济南遥墙机场大风(瞬时风速 ≥ 17 m/s)的发生时间、风速、风向、风向与跑道夹角及伴随灾害性天气和影响系统进行统计分析。结果表明：21a大风呈显著增多趋势，主要出现在春夏两季，以4月和7月为高发期；有明显的日变化，多出现在白天到上半夜；风速越大次数越少，17~18 m/s风速出现的次数最多，19 m/s及以上大风迅速减少；西北风发生次数最多占23.3%，与跑道夹角70˚~90˚的风向占13%左右；伴随的灾害性天气为沙尘、雷暴、飑线和强降水；大风主要有冷锋大风、气旋大风、气旋和冷锋(或入海高压)结合大风、雷暴大风和台风大风。

Abstract: Based on the 24 hourly observation data of Jinan Yaoqiang airport from 2000 to 2020, the occurrence time, wind speed, wind direction, angle between wind direction and runway, the accompanying disastrous weather and the influence system of the strong wind (instantaneous wind speed ≥ 17 m/s) were statistically analyzed by using the conventional meteorological method. The results showed that the strong wind increased significantly in the past 21 years, mainly occurring in spring and summer, with April and July as the peak season. It had obvious diurnal variation, appeared more in the daytime to early midnight. The higher the wind speed, the fewer times it occurred. The wind speed of 17~18 m/s was the most frequent, and the wind speed of 19 m/s and above decreased rapidly. The most frequent occurrence of northwest wind was 23.3%, and the wind direc-tion with an angle between 70˚ and 90˚ accounted for about 13%. The accompanying disastrous weather was the sand-dust, thunderstorm, squall line and heavy precipitation. The strong wind mainly included cold front gale, cyclone gale, combination gale of the cyclone and cold front (or high pressure into the sea), thunderstorm gale and typhoon gale.