1961~2010年中国北方干旱区积雪深度的时空变化特征研究

Study of Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Snow Depth in Arid Areas of Northern China from 1961 to 2010

摘要: 本文选取了中国35˚N以北的227个台站，采用统计方法对中国北方干旱区冬季的积雪日数、日均积雪深度、最大积雪深度和累积积雪深度的时空变化特征进行研究, 并分析了冬季积雪深度与气温和降水的关系。得出如下结论：1) 中国北方干旱区积雪主要集中在新疆北部及东北大部分地区，空间分布呈现两边多中间少，高纬度多低纬度少，山地多平原盆地少，西北地区多于东北地区的特点；2) 1961~2010年中国北方积雪日数呈现减少趋势，意味着积雪期在缩短，而日均积雪深度、最大积雪深度和累积积雪深度均呈现显著增加的趋势；尤其在新疆北部、东北地区；3) 冬季累计积雪深度与同期温度呈现负相关，与降水之间存在正相关。

Abstract: Based on the snow depth data from 227 stations located in the north of 35˚N in China, statistical methods are used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of snow days, daily mean snow depth, maximum snow depth and accumulated snow depth in the arid area in the northern part of China. Furthermore, the correlation between snow depth and temperature and precipitation are discussed. The results show that: 1) Snow mainly concentrates in the northern part of Xinjiang province and the northeast of China, it is more on the two sides than that in the middle, more in the high latitude than that in the low latitude, more in the mountain than that in the plain and basin, more in the west than that in the east part of the arid area; 2) Snow days have a declined trend during 1961~2010, which means the snowpack period is shortening, while daily mean snow depth, maximum snow depth and accumulated snow depth all show an increasing trend, especially in the northern part of Xinjiang Province and the northeast of China; 3) Accumulated snow depth in winter has a negative correlation with temperature and has a positive correlation with precipitation in the same period.