温度对泡沫铝夹芯壳力学性能影响的数值研究

Numerical Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Shells

摘要: 本文用数值模拟方法，研究了温度对泡沫铝夹芯壳力学性能的影响。首先建立了泡沫铝夹芯壳有限元模型并施加冲击载荷，将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较，验证了有限元模型的准确性。其次研究了温度对泡沫铝夹芯壳吸能以及变形的影响，结果表明在−50℃到300℃的温度下，随着温度的升高，夹芯壳的吸能变化不明显，但是背面板中心点的变形与结构整体变形都在增加，整个结构抗冲击能力在下降。最后分析了泡沫铝夹芯壳的破坏模式，结果表明在弹丸撞击下，夹芯壳在−50℃，25℃和300℃下都主要发生剪切破坏。夹芯壳的上、下面板都以剪切破坏为主，泡沫铝芯层在发生剪切破坏的同时还存在压实坍塌破坏。

Abstract: In this paper, numerical simulation methods are used to study the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of aluminum foam sandwich shells. First, a finite element model of the alu-minum foam sandwich shells has established, and an impact load was applied. The simulation re-sults were compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. Secondly, the influence of temperature on the energy absorption and deformation of the aluminum foam sandwich shells is studied. The results show that at temperatures ranging from −50˚C to 300˚C, the energy absorption of the sandwich shells does not change significantly as the temperature increases. However, the deformation of the center point of the back panel and the structure’s overall deformation will increase with the increase of temperature, and the impact re-sistance of the entire structure will decrease. Finally, the failure mode of the aluminum foam sand-wich shells is analyzed. The results show that under the projectile’s impact, the sandwich shell mainly undergoes shear failure at −50˚C, 25˚C, and 300˚C. The upper and lower panels of the sand-wich shell are mainly the shear failure, and the aluminum foam core layer is the failure by compac-tion and collapse at the same time as the shearing failure occurs.