黄渤海湿地鸻鹬类的迁徙与保护研究

A Review on Research of Migration and Conservation of Waders in Coastal Wetlands of the Yellow and Bohai Sea Regions

摘要: 鸟类的迁徙通常遵循既定的路线，东亚–澳大利西亚迁飞区(EAAF)是全球九大鸟类迁徙路线之一。为了适应长距离的迁飞，此迁徙路线上的鸟类需要在一系列的迁徙中转站停歇、捕食并积蓄能量。我国黄渤海滨海湿地区域广泛存在的潮间带滩涂栖息地，为EAAF迁徙路线的鸻鹬类提供了重要的迁徙中转站包括临时休息地和能量补给地。近年来该迁徙路线上的鸻鹬类种群数量的急速锐减，主要归因于此区域滨海湿地遭到破坏以及生态环境恶化，从而导致鸻鹬类栖息地功能的部分或者完全丧失。为保护鸻鹬类的物种数量不至进一步减少甚至灭绝，亟需对它们进行全面深刻的研究，尤需对它们的迁徙与保护生物学进行研究。本文将上述研究的各个方面综述如下。

Abstract: Globally, most of migratory bird species migrate typically following set routes, and the East Asian-Australasian flyway (EAAF) is one of the nine major migratory routes. Adapted to long-distance travelling, migrants along this flyway need to rest, predate and fuel up at a series of habitats which were defined as staging sites or stop-over sites. The intertidal flat habitats which exist broadly in coastal wetlands of the Yellow and Bohai Sea regions of China, had been proved to be important staging sites and stop-over sites for waders within EAAF. In recent years, the acute population reduction of the wader species within the EAAF flyway is mainly due to the degradation of coastal wetlands and environmental degeneration, resulting in partly or fully functional habitat loss. As a result, it is urgent to develop deep and overall understanding of the threatened waders, especially about their migration and conservation in order to prevent them from severe degradation and even extinction. In this paper, we summarized several major aspects of studies on migration and conservation of waders.