论国际投资仲裁中滥诉风险的法律规制

Study on the Legal Regulation of the Risk of Abusive Litigation in International Investment Arbitration

摘要: 投资者滥诉是一种复杂的法律现象，国际投资仲裁实践中仲裁庭法律解释权规制的缺失，东道国救济地位的弱化，第三方资助的推波助澜等因素是滥诉风险的重要诱因。双边投资条约的概括性、不确定性导致争端双方仲裁合意的缺失，投资者可以随时主动提起仲裁，而东道国只能被动应诉，投资仲裁的主动权始终掌握在投资者的手里。滥诉风险的防范是一项系统工程。对仲裁庭的法律解释权进行必要的规制是完善ICSID仲裁机制的首要任务，建立对投资者的仲裁请求的先行审查制度有利于滤去明显缺乏法律依据的诉求，增强国际投资仲裁的透明度是督促投资者谨慎提起仲裁的重中之重，对规制滥诉具有重要的积极意义。

Abstract: Investors abuse is a complex legal phenomenon. The lack of legal interpretation power of arbitration tribunals in the international investment arbitration practice, the weakening of the relief status of the host country, and the influencing factors of third-party funding are important incentives for the abuse of risk. The generality and uncertainty of the bilateral investment treaty lead to the lack of agreement between the parties to the dispute. The investor can initiate arbitration at any time. The host country can only respond passively. The initiative to invest in arbitration is always in the hands of investors. The prevention of abuse of risk is a systematic project. The necessary regulation of the arbitral tribunal’s legal interpretation pow-er is the primary task of perfecting the ICSID arbitration mechanism. Establishing a pre-examination system for investors’ arbitration requests is conducive to filtering out claims that are obviously lacking in legal basis, and enhancing the transparency of international investment arbitration is of great positive significance to the regulation of abuses.