博弈视角下考虑个体努力程度的共识决策方法研究

A Consensus Decision-Making Method Considering Individual Effort from the Game Perspective

摘要: 在达成群体共识过程中，个体决策者需要为共识目标的实现付出诸如时间、精力、主动性等努力。与此同时，博弈视角下协调者的补偿策略会影响决策者付出努力的程度，且过高的努力成本会降低决策者个体感知效用进而导致共识决策失败。针对协调者与决策者交互行为下的共识达成问题，本文从博弈视角提出了一种考虑个体努力程度的共识决策方法，提出了考虑决策者个体努力程度的个体感知效用函数，基于博弈视角建立了共识均衡机制，并利用粒子群算法进行求解。以北淝河跨界水污染治理为背景，水利部作为协调者，流域途径的五个主要地区的河长为决策者。基于博弈理论考虑各地河长个体努力程度与单位努力成本，将有助于水利部合理制定补偿策略，分配跨界污水治理任务，进而提升河长个体感知效用并节省群体总共识成本。

Abstract: In the group consensus decision making, individual decision-maker makes efforts to achieve col-lective goal after reaching consensus, including time, energy, work attitude and initiative. Exces-sive unit effort cost will reduce individual perceived utility and may lead to a failed consensus. In this paper, a consensus game model considering individual effort is proposed for group decision making under the interaction between moderator and decision-makers. This paper proposes an individual perceived utility function considering individual effort of decision-makers, establishes a consensus equilibrium mechanism based on the game perspective, and uses Particle Swarm Opti-mization algorithm to solve it. Taking the transboundary water pollution control of the North Feihe River as the background, the Ministry of Water Resources acts as the moderator, and the river leaders of the five main regions along the river basin are the decision-makers. In the research of consensus game model considering individual effort, reasonable to set up consensus threshold and unit effort cost will help river leaders and the Ministry of Water Resources to both win the game.