使用双语/多语对脑功能(认知保留、执行功能和语言转换代价)的益处
Review of Bilingual/Multilingual Benefits on Cognitive Reserve, Executive Functions and Code Switching Cost
摘要: 老龄化是一个全球性问题，已经给许多社会带来了显著的挑战。阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型。患有AD的人通常是老年人。AD导致短期记忆和长期记忆(例如，朋友或家人的名字)的丧失。一般来说，AD患者的功能和认知损害是渐进式的，这不仅对患者而且对他们的朋友和家人都是一种折磨。认知能力下降与年龄有关，这是一个需要应对的全球性问题，以改善人类的福祉和生活质量。事实证明，与单语者相比，使用双语或多语有利于预防或抑制认知能力的下降。一般来说，认知储备程度、执行功能(EF)和大脑活动(例如，语言切换代价)是人们认知能力下降的领先指标。一些研究旨在调查双语或多语是如何积极影响人们的认知储备、执行功能(EF)和语言切换代价的。本文将首先介绍这一领域，并回顾一些典型的研究，调查双语/多语对认知储备、执行功能和语言转换代价的优势。然后，这些典型研究的框架和方法将被详细说明和讨论。接下来，我们将确定一些研究空白，并在结论中建议一些未来的研究。
Abstract: Aging is a global issue and has already put remarkable challenges on many societies. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. People with AD are usually elderly. AD leads to the loss of short-term memory and long-term memory (e.g., names of friends or family members). In general, AD patients develop a progressive pattern of functional and cognitive impairment, which is not only tortuous to patients but to their friends and family. Cognitive decline is age-related, which is a global issue to cope with in order to improve humans’ well-being and life quality. It is demonstrated that bilingualism or multilingualism is beneficial in preventing or inhibiting cognitive decline when compared with monolinguals. In general, cognitive reserve degree, executive functions (EF), and brain activity (e.g., code-switching cost) are the leading indicators of people’s cognitive decline. Several studies are designed to investigate how bilingualism or multilingualism positively impacts people’s cognitive reserve, executive functions (EF), and code-switching costs. This article will first introduce this area and review some typical studies investigating the bilingual/multilingual advantages on cognitive reserve, executive functions, and code-switching cost. Then, the frameworks and methodology of these typical studies will be illustrated and discussed in detail. Next, some research gaps will be identified, and therefore some future studies will be recommended in conclusion.
文章引用：廖俊伟. 使用双语/多语对脑功能(认知保留、执行功能和语言转换代价)的益处[J]. 国外英语考试教学与研究, 2023, 5(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.12677/OETPR.2023.51001

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