沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年高血压患者降压疗效及炎症因子影响
Effect of Sacubitril-Valsartan on Antihypertensive Efficacy Inflammatory Factors in Elderly Patients with Hyperten-sion
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.133583, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 191  浏览: 293 
作者: 彭凯悦, 陈 瞳, 耿凡琪, 张雪娟*:青岛大学附属医院全科医学科,山东 青岛
关键词: 沙库巴曲缬沙坦缬沙坦原发性高血压炎症因子Sacubitril-Valsartan Valsartan Essential Hypertension Inflammatory Factors
摘要: 目的:比较沙库巴曲缬沙坦与缬沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者降压疗效及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:回顾性选取2021年7月1日至2022年7月1日在青岛大学附属医院住院的老年原发性高血压患者215例。根据患者服用降压药物不同分为沙库巴曲缬沙坦(200 mg/次 1次/天)组(n = 71)和缬沙坦组(80 mg/次 1次/天) (n = 82)。收集两组患者病历资料,观察患者8周后的诊室血压[平均坐位收缩压(mean sitting Systolic Blood Pressure, msSBP)、平均坐位舒张压(mean sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure, msDBP)]和炎症因子[(白细胞介素-1β (Interleukin 1β, IL-1β)、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF)-α (TNF-α)]差异。结果:沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠组患者治疗8周以后的诊室血压下降幅度和诊室血压达标率较缬沙坦组高(P < 0.05);两组患者治疗8周以后血浆IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α的差值组内比较有统计学意义(P < 0.05);沙库巴曲缬沙坦组患者IL-17的下降幅度明显高于缬沙坦组、抑炎因子IL-10的升高幅度明显高于缬沙坦组(P均 < 0.05);余细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-5、TNF-α)两组间无明显统计学差异。结论:在原发性高血压的药物治疗中,与缬沙坦相比,沙库巴曲缬沙坦能更好地降低诊室血压,提高诊室血压达标率,其机制可能与降低体内促炎因子(IL-17)水平,提高体内抑炎因子(IL-10)水平有关。
Abstract: Objective: To compare the effect of sacubitril-valsartan and valsartan on antihypertensive efficacy and inflammatory factor levels in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A total of 215 elderly patients with essential hypertension who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022 were selected. Patients were divided into sacu-bitril- valsartan (200 mg/qd) group (n = 71) and valsartan (80 mg/qd) group (n = 82) according to the different antihypertensive drugs taken. The medical records of the two groups of patients were collected to observe the difference in clinic’s blood pressure [mean sitting Systolic Blood Pressure (msSBP), mean sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure (msDBP)] and inflammatory factors [Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)] after 8 weeks. Re-sults: After 8 weeks of treatment, the decrease in office blood pressure and the rate of meeting the standard of office blood pressure in the sacubitril-valsartan group after 8 weeks of treatment were higher than those in the valsartan group (P < 0.05), the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α were statistically significant compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), the decrease of IL-17 in the sacubitril-valsartan group was significantly higher than that in the valsartan group, the in-crease in inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly higher than that in the valsartan group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the other inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, TNF-α) between the two groups. Conclusion: In the treatment of essential hypertension, sacubitril-valsartan can better reduce office blood pressure and improve office blood pressure com-pliance rate, and the mechanism may be related to decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factor (IL-17) in the body and increasing the level of inflammatory factor (IL-10) compared with valsartan.
文章引用:彭凯悦, 陈瞳, 耿凡琪, 张雪娟. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年高血压患者降压疗效及炎症因子影响[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(3): 4063-4071. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.133583

1. 引言

原发性高血压是一种世界范围流行的慢性非传染性疾病,与全球广泛的发病率与死亡率息息相关。目前全球约有22%高血压患者,是2010年全球死亡原因的主要组成部分 [1]。规范的血压管理和血压控制是降低心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的关键,有效的抗高血压治疗是减轻全球经济和健康负担的重要措施 [2]。2017年美国心脏病学会、美国预防医学会等指南将血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ACEI)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, ARB)、β受体阻滞剂、钙离子通道阻滞剂(Calcium Channel, CCB)和利尿剂作为成人高血压的主要治疗药物 [3],但许多高血压患者需要两种及以上降压药物才能达到降压目标,有些患者的降压治疗甚至仍不理想。沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠是一种新型的血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂(Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor, ARNI),能够同时抑制血管紧张素AT1受体和脑啡肽酶的新型降压药物 [4]。促炎因子如IL-17、IL-6、TNF-α等会使血管扩张,从而增加组织血流量 [5]。抑炎因子如IL-10由可以减少血管的氧化应激,改善内皮功能障碍以及循环中的促炎因子水平,研究者发现其具有抗高血压作用 [6]。本研究旨在探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦与缬沙坦对老年高血压患者在降压疗效及可能机制,为临床降压药物的合理使用提供参考。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 研究对象

选取2021.07~2022.07在青岛大学附属医院住院的高血压患者153例。纳入标准:1) 符合《中国高血压防治指南2018》中原发性高血压病的诊断标准(非同日3次测量诊室血压,SBP ≥ 140 mmHg和(或) DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) [7] ;2) 年龄 ≥ 60岁。排除标准:1) 急性、慢性感染者以及最近服用抗炎药物的患者;2) 已证实或者怀疑合并继发性高血压(中重度的夜间睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、原发性醛固酮增多症、嗜铬细胞瘤、肾动脉狭窄等)的患者;3) 1型和2型糖尿病未得到控制的患者、孕妇或哺乳母亲;4) 数据缺失患者;5) 失访患者。本研究获得了青岛大学附属医院伦理委员会批准(批准文号:QYFYWZLL27279)。

2.2. 方法

2.2.1. 一般资料

通过青岛大学附属医院的医渡云系统和本院病例His系统收集所有入选患者的基线资料:性别、年龄、身体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、高血压病程、高血压分级、高血压危险分层、血脂(甘油三酯(Triacylglycerol, TG)、总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High Density Liptein Cholesterol, HDL-C))、肌酐、肾小球滤过率估计值(Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, eGFR)、合并症、吸烟史、家族史、用药情况等。排除中途停药和/或间歇性服药患者。如果血压控制不佳,两组患者统一加CCB或β受体阻滞剂或利尿剂等降压药物。患者治疗8周 [8] 以后回门诊随访,观察两组药物的降压疗效。

2.2.2. 治疗方法

服用沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠的患者为观察组,200 mg/次,1次/天治疗,服用缬沙坦组的患者为对照组,80 mg/次,1次/天治疗。

2.2.3. 观察指标

观察两组患者入院时及治疗后8周的指标:

1) 疗效指标:诊室血压:msSBP、msDBP、诊室血压达标率,炎症因子:IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α。

2) 其他指标:性别、年龄、BMI、高血压病程、高血压分级、高血压危险分层、生化指标、合并症、吸烟史、早发心血管病家族史、临床用药。

2.3. 统计学方法

采用SPSS 26.0软件对收集数据进行统计学分析。符合正态分布的计量资料均用均数 ± 标准差( x ¯ ± s)表示,组间比较用两独立样本t检验;不符合正态分布者用中位数(P25~P75)表示,组间比较用秩和检验;计数资料用频数(%)表示,组间比较用χ2检验或者Fisher确切概率法检验。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线观察两组生存曲线,选用Log Rank检验比较两组患者的生存曲线是否有差异。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 两组患者的一般资料比较

两组患者在性别、年龄、BMI、高血压病程、高血压分级、高血压危险分层、动态血压类型、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、冠心病合并症、糖尿病合并症、eGFR、吸烟史、早发冠心病病家族史、用药情况、诊室血压、炎症因子方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P均 > 0.05),见表1表2

Table 1. General data comparison of patients in the sacubitril-valsartan group and the valsartan group

表1. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦组与缬沙坦组患者的一般资料比较

注:at值;bχ2值;cU值;dFisher’s Exact Test,下同。

Table 2. Comparison of laboratory examination indexes of patients in sacubitril-valsartan group and valsartan group

表2. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦组与缬沙坦组患者的实验室检查指标比较

注:IL白细胞介素;TNF-α肿瘤坏死因子-α。

3.2. 两组患者的降压疗效比较

沙库巴曲缬沙坦组患者在治疗8周以后诊室收缩压、诊室舒张压的降幅和血压的达标率大于缬沙坦组,差异具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.05),见表3

Table 3. Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy between sacubitril-valsartan group and valsartan group

表3. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦组与缬沙坦组患者的降压疗效比较

3.3. 两组患者炎症因子组内比较

两组患者在治疗8周以后L-1β、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α水平较用药前下降,IL-10水平较用药前上升(P < 0.05),IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-8水平用药前后无明显统计学差异(P > 0.05),见表4表5

Table 4. Comparison of inflammatory factors before and after treatment in patients in valsartan group

表4. 缬沙坦组患者治疗前后炎症因子组内比较

Table 5. Comparison of inflammatory factors before and after treatment in patients in sacubitril-valsartan group

表5. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠组患者治疗前后炎症因子组内比较

3.4. 两组患者炎症因子组间比较

沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠组患者在治疗8周以后促炎因子IL-17的下降幅度、抑炎因子IL-10的升高幅度都高于缬沙坦组,差异具有统计学意义(P均 < 0.05),余炎症因子2组间差异无统计学意义(P均 > 0.05),见表6

Table 6. Comparison of inflammatory factor differences between patients in the sacubitril-valsartan group and valsartan group

表6. 沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠组患者和缬沙坦组患者治疗后炎症因子的组间比较

4. 讨论

原发性高血压是全球范围内致死致残的主要原因 [9]。药物治疗依然是目前降低血压、预防心血管事件发生的主要手段 [9] [10]。沙库巴曲缬沙坦是一种通过血管紧张素受体阻滞剂缬沙坦和脑啡肽酶抑制剂前体药物沙库巴曲按物质的量1:1共晶结合而成的单分子物质 [11],可同时抑制脑啡肽酶和血管紧张素受体(AT1),从而促进脑啡肽酶底物利钠肽等的作用并且抑制RAAS系统 [12]。关于ARNI在炎症因子方面的研究较少,本研究旨在探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年高血压患者的降压疗效及炎症因子水平影响,为降压药物的应用提供参考。

本研究观察到服用沙库巴曲缬沙坦的患者对平均坐位收缩压、平均坐位舒张压的降幅以及诊室血压达标率都高于缬沙坦(P < 0.05)。Ruilope [13] 教授等人在早期报道了关于ARNI与缬沙坦相比可以有效降低平均坐位舒张压和收缩压,且200 mg和400 mg的ARNI还能降低24 h平均收缩压。Kario [14] 和Hiromi Rakugi [15] 的团队也得出了对于高血压患者而言ARNI较ACEI/ARB能更好地降低血压。脑啡肽酶可作用于心房利钠肽(ANP)、脑利钠肽(BNP)、肾上腺髓质素、血管紧张素II、内皮素等多种底物 [16] [17]。抑制脑啡肽酶后可使血管舒张、机体排钠排尿增多、交感神经张力下降以及抗纤维化、抗肥大效应 [18] [19] [20]。ARNI不仅可以抑制脑啡肽酶,其ARB还能抑制RAAS系统,由此可见ARNI比缬沙坦能更好地降低血压,提高血压达标率。

本研究还发现,两组患者用药后体内促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α水平都较用药前下降,抑炎因子IL-10水平都较用药前上升(P < 0.05),且沙库巴曲缬沙坦组患者服药后促炎因子IL-17的下降幅度、抑炎因子IL-10的升高幅度都高于缬沙坦组(P均 < 0.05)。研究发现,促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17、IL-1β在高血压的发病机制中发挥作用,其能参与炎症反应,长期炎症可致活性氧增加、一氧化氮生物利用度降低使得氧化应激与内皮功能障碍的发生,从而抑制血管收缩 [5] [21]。研究显示,IL-17与内皮功能障碍、血管炎化应激相关 [22],且使用IL-17治疗的小鼠收缩压升高 [23],IL-6不仅可以协同IL-17发挥作用,还能刺激集合管细胞上皮钠通道导致钠重吸收增加引起血压升高 [5]。IL-10已被证明可以降低血管紧张素II和醛固酮诱导的高血压、心肌纤维化、冠状动脉炎症等,因此其对高血压有保护作用,可以降低血压,改善氧化应激以及降低体内促炎因子水平 [21]。缬沙坦被证实可改善糖尿病小鼠炎症反应和氧化应激 [24],随后Mohamed Mohany教授研究 [25] 发现ARNI可显著降低大鼠体内炎性标志物如IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α,升高抗炎因子IL-10,Wei Liang教授团队报道了ARNI较缬沙坦比可抑制Th17细胞分化,从而减少IL-17生成 [26]。综上所述,沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠能更好地降低血压的原因还有可能因为其能抑制促炎因子,升高抑炎因子水平改善氧化应激。

本研究纳入的患者数量较少,临床上还需要纳入更大样本量的研究来探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦对炎症因子的影响。

NOTES

*通讯作者Email: dzhangxue@126.com

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