乌鲁木齐机场2022年夏季1次短时雷雨大风天气分析

Analysis of a Short-Term Thunderstorm and Gale Weather in Urumqi Airport in Summer of 2022

摘要: 本文利用FNL 1˚ × 1˚逐6小时的再分析资料、新疆加密自动站资料、常规气象观测资料及乌鲁木齐机场自动观测资料(AWOS)等，对乌鲁木齐机场2022年6月28日短时雷雨大风天气特征及成因进行分析，结果表明：1) 此次强对流天气发生在乌拉尔槽底前部，多短波分裂东移的有利环流背景下，机场雷暴大风呈现持续时间短、尺度小、移动速度快、起始突然等特点。2) 雷暴发生前，机场700 hPa高度存在垂直风切变，处于假相当位温能量锋区内，呈现“上干冷下暖湿”的温–湿廓线的垂直结构，具备动力和热力不稳定。3) 水汽来源于地中海地区，雷暴发生等地具有明显水汽通量带和水汽通量的辐合，具备丰富的水汽条件。4) 低层辐合高层辐散的高低空配置，低层西北急流与地形产生的强迫抬升作用，使机场具备强烈的上升运动。5) 机场低层850 hPa具有切变线，地面位于风向风速辐合区，有利于强对流的触发和维持。

Abstract: In this paper, the characteristics and causes of short-term thunderstorm and gale weather in Urumqi Airport on June 28, 2022 are analyzed by using FNL 1 ˚ × 1 ˚ reanalysis data every 6 hours, Xinjiang encrypted automatic station data, conventional meteorological observation data and Urumqi Airport automatic observation data (AWOS). The results show that: 1) The strong convective weather occurred in the front of Ural trough bottom, and under the favorable circu-lation background of multi-short-wave split moving eastward, the thunderstorm and gale at the airport showed the characteristics of short duration, small scale, fast moving speed and sudden start. 2) Before the thunderstorm, there was vertical wind shear at the height of 700 hPa at the airport, which was located in the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature energy front, show-ing a vertical structure of temperature-humidity profile of “dry and cold at the top, warm and humid at the bottom”, and was dynamically and thermally unstable. 3) Water vapor originates from the Mediterranean region. Thunderstorms and other places have obvious convergence of water vapor flux bands and water vapor fluxes, and have abundant water vapor conditions. 4) Lower-level convergence and upper-level divergence, and the forced uplift of lower-level northwest jet and topography make the airport have strong upward movement. 5) The airport has a shear line at 850 hPa at the lower level, and the ground is located in the convergence area of wind direction and wind speed, which is beneficial to trigger and maintain strong convection.